Chapter 2: Beginnings of English America Flashcards

1
Q

Virginia Company

A

a private business organization whose shareholders included merchants, aristocrats, and members of Parliament; sponsored 1607 voyage

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2
Q

Roanoke

A

failed 1585 settlement started by Sir Walter Raleigh

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3
Q

A Discourse Concerning Western Planting

A

written by Protestant Minister Richard Hakluyt; 23 reasons Queen Elizabeth I should support the establishment of colonies

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4
Q

enclosure movement

A

landlords sought profits, raised sheep and evicted small farmers; some benefitted but 1000s uprooted from the land

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5
Q

indentured servents

A

settlers who signed on for a temporary period in order to get free transport to America

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6
Q

John Smith

A

governor; regime of forced labor; “He that will not work, shall not eat.”; iron rule

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7
Q

headright system

A

introduced by Virginia Company; awarded 50 acres of land to any colonist who paid for his own or another’s passage to the New World

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8
Q

House of Burgesses

A

first elected assembly in colonial America

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9
Q

Uprising of 1622

A

surprise attack by Indians that wiped out 1/4 of Virginia’s settler population

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10
Q

tobacco

A

crop grown in Virginia that grew the colony’s wealth/power; colonists believed it had medicinal effects

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11
Q

dower rights

A

possessed by married English women; 1/3 husband’s property hers when he died

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12
Q

Puritanism

A

English religion that sought to purify the Church of England; founded in Massachusetts bay Colony under John Winthrop

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13
Q

John Winthrop

A

first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony; defined “natural liberty” and “moral liberty”

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14
Q

pilgrims

A

puritan separatists who broke completely with the Church of England and sailed to the New World aboard the Mayflower founding Plymouth Colony on Cape Cod in 1620

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15
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

plan pilgrim leaders drew up on Mayflower, men agreed to obey “just and equal laws” by representatives of their own choosing

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16
Q

Great Migration

A

21,000 Puritans emigrated to Massachusetts; established basis for stable and thriving society

17
Q

“captivity” narratives

A

counteracted attraction to Indian life, people who were “captured” by Indians encouraged to write a narrative about desire to return to English society

18
Q

Half-Way Covenant

A

allowed for baptism and “half-way” Puritan membership for grandchildren of emigrants; to address stagnant church membership

19
Q

English freedom

A

king subject to rule of law; all persons should enjoy security of person and property

20
Q

Act Concerning Religion

A

institutionalized the principle of toleration; all Christians guaranteed “free exercise” of religion; brought stability to Maryland

21
Q

Among the problems facing the early settlers of Jamestown colony were…

A

high rates of death and disease.

22
Q

A “visible saint” was the term Puritans used to describe…

A

a person who had experienced a conversation experience

23
Q

True or False: England’s ongoing struggle to subdue Ireland delayed its entry into New World colonization

A

True

24
Q

Having fled religious intolerance in England, the Puritans in Massachusetts…

A

were intolerant of persons who disagreed with their version of Christianity

25
Q

Henry Care, author of ‘English Liberties;’ demonstrates that seventeenth-century identities rested in part on negative images of…

A

other nations.

26
Q

True or False: Intermarriage was common between Indians and English Settlers.

A

False

27
Q

One key motivation behind many early English settlers in the American colonies was…

A

the desire to escape from the spiritual corruptions of England.

28
Q

True or False: 17th-century Maryland stood out for its system of absolute rule, but also for its practice of religious toleration.

A

True

29
Q

The English “enclosure” movement of the 1500s and 1600s forced small farmers off “commons” land so that the land could be taken up by…

A

sheep.

30
Q

The English colonies differed from the Spanish in that Spanish women could…

A

jointly own all wealth accumulated during marriage.

31
Q

The expansion of tobacco cultivation in the early 1600s led to an increase in demand for which labor groups?

A

indentured servants

32
Q

The Levellers…

A

wanted to greatly expand the right to vote.

33
Q

The Mayflower Compact of 1620 asserted that…

A

just and equal laws made by male representatives onboard were to rule over others.

34
Q

True or False: Under the headright system, anyone who brought in a sizeable number of servants would immediately acquire a large estate.

A

True

35
Q

Which of the following was a theme of Puritan thought?

A

people enter this world as either the “elect” or the “damned”

36
Q

Within the Puritan community, the family was considered the foundation of a strong community while unmarried persons…

A

were viewed as a danger to the social fabric of the community.