Chapter 2: Beginnings of English America

Question 1

Virginia Company

Answer 1

a private business organization whose shareholders included merchants, aristocrats, and members of Parliament; sponsored 1607 voyage

Question 2

Roanoke

Answer 2

failed 1585 settlement started by Sir Walter Raleigh

Question 3

A Discourse Concerning Western Planting

Answer 3

written by Protestant Minister Richard Hakluyt; 23 reasons Queen Elizabeth I should support the establishment of colonies

Question 4

enclosure movement

Answer 4

landlords sought profits, raised sheep and evicted small farmers; some benefitted but 1000s uprooted from the land

Question 5

indentured servents

Answer 5

settlers who signed on for a temporary period in order to get free transport to America

Question 6

John Smith

Answer 6

governor; regime of forced labor; “He that will not work, shall not eat.”; iron rule

Question 7

headright system

Answer 7

introduced by Virginia Company; awarded 50 acres of land to any colonist who paid for his own or another’s passage to the New World

Question 8

House of Burgesses

Answer 8

first elected assembly in colonial America

Question 9

Uprising of 1622

Answer 9

surprise attack by Indians that wiped out 1/4 of Virginia’s settler population

Question 10

tobacco

Answer 10

crop grown in Virginia that grew the colony’s wealth/power; colonists believed it had medicinal effects

Question 11

dower rights

Answer 11

possessed by married English women; 1/3 husband’s property hers when he died

Question 12

Puritanism

Answer 12

English religion that sought to purify the Church of England; founded in Massachusetts bay Colony under John Winthrop

Question 13

John Winthrop

Answer 13

first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony; defined “natural liberty” and “moral liberty”

Question 14

pilgrims

Answer 14

puritan separatists who broke completely with the Church of England and sailed to the New World aboard the Mayflower founding Plymouth Colony on Cape Cod in 1620

Question 15

Mayflower Compact

Answer 15

plan pilgrim leaders drew up on Mayflower, men agreed to obey “just and equal laws” by representatives of their own choosing

Question 16

Great Migration

Answer 16

21,000 Puritans emigrated to Massachusetts; established basis for stable and thriving society

Question 17

“captivity” narratives

Answer 17

counteracted attraction to Indian life, people who were “captured” by Indians encouraged to write a narrative about desire to return to English society

Question 18

Half-Way Covenant

Answer 18

allowed for baptism and “half-way” Puritan membership for grandchildren of emigrants; to address stagnant church membership

Question 19

English freedom

Answer 19

king subject to rule of law; all persons should enjoy security of person and property

Question 20

Act Concerning Religion

Answer 20

institutionalized the principle of toleration; all Christians guaranteed “free exercise” of religion; brought stability to Maryland

Question 21

Among the problems facing the early settlers of Jamestown colony were…

Answer 21

high rates of death and disease.

Question 22

A “visible saint” was the term Puritans used to describe…

Answer 22

a person who had experienced a conversation experience

Question 23

True or False: England’s ongoing struggle to subdue Ireland delayed its entry into New World colonization

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Having fled religious intolerance in England, the Puritans in Massachusetts…

Answer 24

were intolerant of persons who disagreed with their version of Christianity

Question 25

Henry Care, author of ‘English Liberties;’ demonstrates that seventeenth-century identities rested in part on negative images of…

Answer 25

other nations.

Question 26

True or False: Intermarriage was common between Indians and English Settlers.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

One key motivation behind many early English settlers in the American colonies was…

Answer 27

the desire to escape from the spiritual corruptions of England.

Question 28

True or False: 17th-century Maryland stood out for its system of absolute rule, but also for its practice of religious toleration.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

The English “enclosure” movement of the 1500s and 1600s forced small farmers off “commons” land so that the land could be taken up by…

Answer 29

sheep.

Question 30

The English colonies differed from the Spanish in that Spanish women could…

Answer 30

jointly own all wealth accumulated during marriage.

Question 31

The expansion of tobacco cultivation in the early 1600s led to an increase in demand for which labor groups?

Answer 31

indentured servants

Question 32

The Levellers…

Answer 32

wanted to greatly expand the right to vote.

Question 33

The Mayflower Compact of 1620 asserted that…

Answer 33

just and equal laws made by male representatives onboard were to rule over others.

Question 34

True or False: Under the headright system, anyone who brought in a sizeable number of servants would immediately acquire a large estate.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Which of the following was a theme of Puritan thought?

Answer 35

people enter this world as either the “elect” or the “damned”

Question 36

Within the Puritan community, the family was considered the foundation of a strong community while unmarried persons…

Answer 36

were viewed as a danger to the social fabric of the community.