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Anatomy > Chapter 4- Skin & Body Membranes > Flashcards

Chapter 4- Skin & Body Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

4 functions of MEMBRANS

A

Cover
Line
Protect
Lubricate body surfaces

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2
Q

3 epithelial membranes

A

Cutaneous, mucous, & serous

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3
Q

Cutaneous membrane =?

A

Skin

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4
Q

Cutaneous(skin) has what two membranes?

A

Epidermis(squamous epithelial) and Dermis(dense fibrous connective tissue)

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5
Q

Cutaneous membrane: dry or wet membrane?

A

Dry

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6
Q

Mucous membrane =?

A

Mucosa

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7
Q

Mucous membranes line all body cavities that are _____to______

A

Open to exterior

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8
Q

Mucous membranes line hollow organs such as?(URRD)

A

Urinary tract
Respiratory tract
Reproductive tract
Digestive tract

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9
Q

Lamina propria is a mucous membrane of______ resting on____

A

On mucous membrane resting on loose connective tissue

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10
Q

Mucous membrane is dry or wet?

A

Wet, bathed in secretions

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11
Q

Serous membrane =?

A

Serosa

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12
Q

Serous is made of _____ on _______?

A

Of simple squamous epithelial on aerolar connective tissue

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13
Q

Serous membrane lines body cavities ______to _____

A

Closed to exterior

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14
Q

Serous fluid is secreted by?

A

Serosa

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15
Q

In the serous membrane the Peritoneum is?

A

Serosa lining abdominal cavity & covering organs

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16
Q

In the serous membrane the Peritoneum around lungs is called?

A

Podium

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17
Q

In serous membrane the Peritoneum around heart is called ?

A

Pericardium

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18
Q

What’s the only membrane of connective tissue?

A

Synovial

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19
Q

Connective tissue membranes are around ____, secrete_____

A

Around joints, secrete lubricating fluid

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20
Q

Bursae and tendon sheaths are ______made of connective tissues lined by______

A

Small sacs of conn. tissue lined by synovial membrane

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21
Q

Bursae and tendon sheaths cushion ____

A

Organs during movement

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22
Q

Integument=?

A

Skin

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23
Q

4 functions of integumentary system

A

PROTECTION of deeper tissues from chemicals, bacteria, drying. REGULATION of body temp. through radiation and sweating. PRODUCTION of vitamin D. SENSORY RECEPTORS for pressure and pain that’s absorbent and cushions.

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24
Q

3 main layers of integumentary system

A

Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer

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25
Q

Epidermis is the _______layer

A

Outermost

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26
Q

Epidermis is made of ____ ,______ ,_______ epithelial

A

Stratified ,squamous ,keratinizing

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27
Q

In epidermis what is keratinizing

A

Becoming hard and tough

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28
Q

In integumentary system what is keratin and hyperkeratosis

A

Keritan is protein. Hyperkeratosis is abundance of protein disease

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29
Q

What is avascular?

A

Vessels are in the dermis

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30
Q

In epidermis it takes 3-4weeks for cells to get from____

A

Lowest to layer to reach the surface

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31
Q

In epidermis cells at the surface are ____ and _____ then replaced by _____ of cells in the _____layer.

A

Dead, flake off, basal layer

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32
Q

In epidermis there’s 5 mini layers. (Top to bottom)

A 
Stratum corneum 
Stratum lucidum 
Stratum granulosum 
Stratum spinosum 
Stratum germinativum
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33
Q

In epidermis what produces pigment

A

Melanocytes

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34
Q

In epidermis what ranges from yellow to brown to black and is found in the stratum germinativum

A

Melanin

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35
Q

What two things are seen where melanin is concentrated into one place in the epidermis

A

Moles and freckles

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36
Q

Melanin in found in the what layer of the epidermis’ 5 layers

A

Germinativum

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37
Q

Dermis is made of ______,_____, connective tissues

A

Dense, fibrous

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38
Q

Dermis is the site of?

A

Blood vessels, nerves, & epithelial appendages

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39
Q

2 layers of dermis are?

A

Papillary- made of dermal perilla, had ridges which produce fingerprints.
Reticular- contains blood vessels, sweat and oil glands and pressure receptors

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40
Q

Upper layer of dermis

A

Papillary: made is of dermal perilla which make fingerprints

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41
Q

Lower layer of dermis

A

Reticular- contains blood vessels, sweat and oil glands and pressure receptors

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42
Q

Subcutaneous layer is ____ cells; shock______ that anchors the dermis

A

Fat cells, shock absorbers that anchor the dermis

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43
Q

Skin appendages have cutaneous glands that are all?

A

Exocrine glands

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44
Q

Skin appendages have 2 groups

A

Sabaceous-oil glands

Sudoriferous- sweat glands

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45
Q

Sabaceous glands produce ____

A

Sebum and oily product

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46
Q

Another word for oil

A

Sebum

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47
Q

Sebum is usually ducted into?

A

Hair follicles

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48
Q

Sebum keeps ______ and _____ moist and contains chemicals to kill bacteria

A

Skin and hair

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49
Q

Sebaceous glands are everywhere except?

A

Palms and soles

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50
Q

Sebaceous glands are numerous on?

A

The head, face,chest, and back

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51
Q

Infected or blocked gland

A

Acne

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52
Q

Another word for cradle cap

A

Saborrha

53
Q

Sebaceous glands are controlled by

A

Sex hormones

54
Q

Sudoriferous glands are controlled by

A

Nervous system

55
Q

Sudoriferous gland produces ______ which is ducted to epithelial surface

A

Sweat

56
Q

Sudoriferous glands is part of the body’s ____

A

Heat regulating apparatus

57
Q

2 types of sudoriferous glands

A

Eccrine- numerous, produce sweat

Apocrine- produce protein, water, salts. Odor at puberty

58
Q

Hair appendage functions

A

Protect, shield and insulate

59
Q

Hair is mainly_____ karatinized cells and are produced by ____

A

Dead, hair bulb

60
Q

The root of the hair is enclosed in a ____or a_____

A

Sheath or hair follicle

61
Q

Visible part of the hair

A

Shaft

62
Q

Hair develops from the root(dermal papilla) that’s nourished by?

A

Blood stream

63
Q

If root is damaged the hair?

A

Stops growing

64
Q

Adults have about how many hairs

A

120,000

65
Q

Which has fewer hairs redheads or blondes

A

Redheads

66
Q

What type of hairs in body

A

Baby hairs and fine soft hairs

67
Q

Long hairs on?

A

Scalp

68
Q

Short stuff hairs on?

A

Eyebrows

69
Q

Finest hairs are on

A

Blondes

70
Q

Coarsest hairs are

A

On black hair

71
Q

Straight hair has

A

Cylindrical hair shafts

72
Q

Curly/wavy hair has

A

Oval hair shafts

73
Q

Wooly hair has

A

Flat shaft

74
Q

Scalp hair grows ___ per month

A

1/2

75
Q

Every 5-6 months there’s a _____period in hair growth

A

Resting period in hair growth

76
Q

Up to 10% of scalp hair ?

A

Fall out

77
Q

Goose pimples are when you’re

A

Cold, afraid, alarmed

78
Q

Muscles in follicle called____

A

Amector

79
Q

Pili muscles contract making hair ?

A

Stand on end and bunch around shaft

80
Q

Part of hair follicle

A

Above surface- Shaft
Below surface-root
Below surface- bulb

81
Q

Split ends are when

A

Outer protective layer of hair tends to wear away at the tip

82
Q

2 categories of body membranes

A

Epithelial and connective

83
Q

Outer protective layer of hair is called ?

A

Cuticle

84
Q

Hair layers

A

Inside- medulla
Middle- cortex
Outside- cuticle

85
Q

Inside layer of hair

A

Medulla

86
Q

Other layer of hair

A

Cuticle

87
Q

Parts of nails

A

Free edge, body, root

88
Q

Attached visible part of the nail

A

Free edge, body

89
Q

Nails are ______ and nearly colorless

A

Transparent

90
Q

Nails look pink because of

A

The rich blood supply under it

91
Q

White crescent at the base of nail

A

Lunula

92
Q

Thick proximal nail fold is called

A

Cuticle

93
Q

Lowest layer of cells compose nail folds is called

A

General matrix

94
Q

If the general matrix are damaged

A

The whole nail is lost

95
Q

Athletes foot is

A

Itchy red peeling condition between toes from fungus infection

96
Q

Boils and carbuncles

A

Inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands.

97
Q

Where are boils and carbuncles common

A

The neck

98
Q

Cold sores and fever blisters

A

Cause by herpes

99
Q

Herpes is a virus localized in a cutaneous nerve that

A

Just sits there until stressed, fever, or too much sun

100
Q

Contact dermatitis

A

Itching, redness which leads to blister formation

101
Q

What are contact dermatitis cause by

A

Chemicals causing an allergic reaction (poison ivy)

102
Q

Impetigo

A

Pink, water filled raised lesions. Has yellow crust that ruptures

103
Q

What is impetigo cause by

A

Staph infection

104
Q

Psoriasis

A

Reddened epidermal lesions covered with dry silvery scales

105
Q

What is psoriasis caused by

A

Hereditary, stress or hormonal changes

106
Q

Hemangioma

A

Abnormal blood vessels distribution, near surface

107
Q

Petechia

A

Heat rash

108
Q

Shingles

A

Chicken pox virus

109
Q

Burns of skin

A

Tissue damage, cell death cause by heat, electricity, sunburn, chemicals

110
Q

3 Burn problems

A

Fluid lose, infection, all systems react

111
Q

Fluid loss burn problem

A

Dehydration, electrolytes imbalance, circulatory shock

112
Q

Infection burn problem

A

Main cause of death in burn victims

113
Q

All system reacts burn problem

A

Metabolism can go up or down, immune system depressed

114
Q

1st degree burn

A

Only epidermis burned, red swollen,

115
Q

2nd degree burn

A

Injure epidermis and upper dermis, blisters, no scar

116
Q

3rd degree burn

A

Burns entire skin, nerves destroyed, doesn’t hurt, skin graphing done

117
Q

Burns are critical if

A

25% of body 2nd degree burn, 10% has 3rd degree or 3rd degree burns on hands, feet, face

118
Q

Most skin tumors are _____ and don’t spread

A

Benign

119
Q

Malignan skin cancer?

A

Spreads

120
Q

Boundary between dermis and epidermis, cells of stratum germinativum altered can’t form keratin, least malignan

A

Basal cell carcinoma

121
Q

Squamous means

A

Flat and scaly

122
Q

On scalp, ears, lower lip; grows rapidly, spreads to lymph nodes if not removed sun induces. Raised, red, scaly lesion

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

123
Q

5% of skin cancer any where with pigment, spreading mole

A

Malignant melanoma

124
Q

ABCD

A

Asymmetry, border, color, diameter

125
Q

Babies lanugo

A

5-6 months fetus hair

126
Q

Baby vernix caseosa

A

White, cheesy- from sebaceous glands- protects skin in mom

127
Q

Milia

A

Small white spots, baby acne, milk bumps

128
Q

Alopecia

A

Hair thins, from stress

Anatomy (7 decks)

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