Chapter 4- Skin & Body Membranes Flashcards
4 functions of MEMBRANS
Cover
Line
Protect
Lubricate body surfaces
3 epithelial membranes
Cutaneous, mucous, & serous
Cutaneous membrane =?
Skin
Cutaneous(skin) has what two membranes?
Epidermis(squamous epithelial) and Dermis(dense fibrous connective tissue)
Cutaneous membrane: dry or wet membrane?
Dry
Mucous membrane =?
Mucosa
Mucous membranes line all body cavities that are _____to______
Open to exterior
Mucous membranes line hollow organs such as?(URRD)
Urinary tract
Respiratory tract
Reproductive tract
Digestive tract
Lamina propria is a mucous membrane of______ resting on____
On mucous membrane resting on loose connective tissue
Mucous membrane is dry or wet?
Wet, bathed in secretions
Serous membrane =?
Serosa
Serous is made of _____ on _______?
Of simple squamous epithelial on aerolar connective tissue
Serous membrane lines body cavities ______to _____
Closed to exterior
Serous fluid is secreted by?
Serosa
In the serous membrane the Peritoneum is?
Serosa lining abdominal cavity & covering organs
In the serous membrane the Peritoneum around lungs is called?
Podium
In serous membrane the Peritoneum around heart is called ?
Pericardium
What’s the only membrane of connective tissue?
Synovial
Connective tissue membranes are around ____, secrete_____
Around joints, secrete lubricating fluid
Bursae and tendon sheaths are ______made of connective tissues lined by______
Small sacs of conn. tissue lined by synovial membrane
Bursae and tendon sheaths cushion ____
Organs during movement
Integument=?
Skin
4 functions of integumentary system
PROTECTION of deeper tissues from chemicals, bacteria, drying. REGULATION of body temp. through radiation and sweating. PRODUCTION of vitamin D. SENSORY RECEPTORS for pressure and pain that’s absorbent and cushions.
3 main layers of integumentary system
Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer
Epidermis is the _______layer
Outermost
Epidermis is made of ____ ,______ ,_______ epithelial
Stratified ,squamous ,keratinizing
In epidermis what is keratinizing
Becoming hard and tough
In integumentary system what is keratin and hyperkeratosis
Keritan is protein. Hyperkeratosis is abundance of protein disease
What is avascular?
Vessels are in the dermis
In epidermis it takes 3-4weeks for cells to get from____
Lowest to layer to reach the surface
In epidermis cells at the surface are ____ and _____ then replaced by _____ of cells in the _____layer.
Dead, flake off, basal layer
In epidermis there’s 5 mini layers. (Top to bottom)
Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum germinativum
In epidermis what produces pigment
Melanocytes
In epidermis what ranges from yellow to brown to black and is found in the stratum germinativum
Melanin
What two things are seen where melanin is concentrated into one place in the epidermis
Moles and freckles
Melanin in found in the what layer of the epidermis’ 5 layers
Germinativum
Dermis is made of ______,_____, connective tissues
Dense, fibrous
Dermis is the site of?
Blood vessels, nerves, & epithelial appendages
2 layers of dermis are?
Papillary- made of dermal perilla, had ridges which produce fingerprints.
Reticular- contains blood vessels, sweat and oil glands and pressure receptors
Upper layer of dermis
Papillary: made is of dermal perilla which make fingerprints
Lower layer of dermis
Reticular- contains blood vessels, sweat and oil glands and pressure receptors
Subcutaneous layer is ____ cells; shock______ that anchors the dermis
Fat cells, shock absorbers that anchor the dermis
Skin appendages have cutaneous glands that are all?
Exocrine glands
Skin appendages have 2 groups
Sabaceous-oil glands
Sudoriferous- sweat glands
Sabaceous glands produce ____
Sebum and oily product
Another word for oil
Sebum
Sebum is usually ducted into?
Hair follicles
Sebum keeps ______ and _____ moist and contains chemicals to kill bacteria
Skin and hair
Sebaceous glands are everywhere except?
Palms and soles
Sebaceous glands are numerous on?
The head, face,chest, and back
Infected or blocked gland
Acne
Another word for cradle cap
Saborrha
Sebaceous glands are controlled by
Sex hormones
Sudoriferous glands are controlled by
Nervous system
Sudoriferous gland produces ______ which is ducted to epithelial surface
Sweat
Sudoriferous glands is part of the body’s ____
Heat regulating apparatus
2 types of sudoriferous glands
Eccrine- numerous, produce sweat
Apocrine- produce protein, water, salts. Odor at puberty
Hair appendage functions
Protect, shield and insulate
Hair is mainly_____ karatinized cells and are produced by ____
Dead, hair bulb
The root of the hair is enclosed in a ____or a_____
Sheath or hair follicle
Visible part of the hair
Shaft
Hair develops from the root(dermal papilla) that’s nourished by?
Blood stream
If root is damaged the hair?
Stops growing
Adults have about how many hairs
120,000
Which has fewer hairs redheads or blondes
Redheads
What type of hairs in body
Baby hairs and fine soft hairs
Long hairs on?
Scalp
Short stuff hairs on?
Eyebrows
Finest hairs are on
Blondes
Coarsest hairs are
On black hair
Straight hair has
Cylindrical hair shafts
Curly/wavy hair has
Oval hair shafts
Wooly hair has
Flat shaft
Scalp hair grows ___ per month
1/2
Every 5-6 months there’s a _____period in hair growth
Resting period in hair growth
Up to 10% of scalp hair ?
Fall out
Goose pimples are when you’re
Cold, afraid, alarmed
Muscles in follicle called____
Amector
Pili muscles contract making hair ?
Stand on end and bunch around shaft
Part of hair follicle
Above surface- Shaft
Below surface-root
Below surface- bulb
Split ends are when
Outer protective layer of hair tends to wear away at the tip
2 categories of body membranes
Epithelial and connective
Outer protective layer of hair is called ?
Cuticle
Hair layers
Inside- medulla
Middle- cortex
Outside- cuticle
Inside layer of hair
Medulla
Other layer of hair
Cuticle
Parts of nails
Free edge, body, root
Attached visible part of the nail
Free edge, body
Nails are ______ and nearly colorless
Transparent
Nails look pink because of
The rich blood supply under it
White crescent at the base of nail
Lunula
Thick proximal nail fold is called
Cuticle
Lowest layer of cells compose nail folds is called
General matrix
If the general matrix are damaged
The whole nail is lost
Athletes foot is
Itchy red peeling condition between toes from fungus infection
Boils and carbuncles
Inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands.
Where are boils and carbuncles common
The neck
Cold sores and fever blisters
Cause by herpes
Herpes is a virus localized in a cutaneous nerve that
Just sits there until stressed, fever, or too much sun
Contact dermatitis
Itching, redness which leads to blister formation
What are contact dermatitis cause by
Chemicals causing an allergic reaction (poison ivy)
Impetigo
Pink, water filled raised lesions. Has yellow crust that ruptures
What is impetigo cause by
Staph infection
Psoriasis
Reddened epidermal lesions covered with dry silvery scales
What is psoriasis caused by
Hereditary, stress or hormonal changes
Hemangioma
Abnormal blood vessels distribution, near surface
Petechia
Heat rash
Shingles
Chicken pox virus
Burns of skin
Tissue damage, cell death cause by heat, electricity, sunburn, chemicals
3 Burn problems
Fluid lose, infection, all systems react
Fluid loss burn problem
Dehydration, electrolytes imbalance, circulatory shock
Infection burn problem
Main cause of death in burn victims
All system reacts burn problem
Metabolism can go up or down, immune system depressed
1st degree burn
Only epidermis burned, red swollen,
2nd degree burn
Injure epidermis and upper dermis, blisters, no scar
3rd degree burn
Burns entire skin, nerves destroyed, doesn’t hurt, skin graphing done
Burns are critical if
25% of body 2nd degree burn, 10% has 3rd degree or 3rd degree burns on hands, feet, face
Most skin tumors are _____ and don’t spread
Benign
Malignan skin cancer?
Spreads
Boundary between dermis and epidermis, cells of stratum germinativum altered can’t form keratin, least malignan
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous means
Flat and scaly
On scalp, ears, lower lip; grows rapidly, spreads to lymph nodes if not removed sun induces. Raised, red, scaly lesion
Squamous cell carcinoma
5% of skin cancer any where with pigment, spreading mole
Malignant melanoma
ABCD
Asymmetry, border, color, diameter
Babies lanugo
5-6 months fetus hair
Baby vernix caseosa
White, cheesy- from sebaceous glands- protects skin in mom
Milia
Small white spots, baby acne, milk bumps
Alopecia
Hair thins, from stress
