Chapter 4- Skin & Body Membranes Flashcards
1
Q
4 functions of MEMBRANS
A
Cover
Line
Protect
Lubricate body surfaces
2
Q
3 epithelial membranes
A
Cutaneous, mucous, & serous
3
Q
Cutaneous membrane =?
A
Skin
4
Q
Cutaneous(skin) has what two membranes?
A
Epidermis(squamous epithelial) and Dermis(dense fibrous connective tissue)
5
Q
Cutaneous membrane: dry or wet membrane?
A
Dry
6
Q
Mucous membrane =?
A
Mucosa
7
Q
Mucous membranes line all body cavities that are _____to______
A
Open to exterior
8
Q
Mucous membranes line hollow organs such as?(URRD)
A
Urinary tract
Respiratory tract
Reproductive tract
Digestive tract
9
Q
Lamina propria is a mucous membrane of______ resting on____
A
On mucous membrane resting on loose connective tissue
10
Q
Mucous membrane is dry or wet?
A
Wet, bathed in secretions
11
Q
Serous membrane =?
A
Serosa
12
Q
Serous is made of _____ on _______?
A
Of simple squamous epithelial on aerolar connective tissue
13
Q
Serous membrane lines body cavities ______to _____
A
Closed to exterior
14
Q
Serous fluid is secreted by?
A
Serosa
15
Q
In the serous membrane the Peritoneum is?
A
Serosa lining abdominal cavity & covering organs
16
Q
In the serous membrane the Peritoneum around lungs is called?
A
Podium
17
Q
In serous membrane the Peritoneum around heart is called ?
A
Pericardium
18
Q
What’s the only membrane of connective tissue?
A
Synovial
19
Q
Connective tissue membranes are around ____, secrete_____
A
Around joints, secrete lubricating fluid
20
Q
Bursae and tendon sheaths are ______made of connective tissues lined by______
A
Small sacs of conn. tissue lined by synovial membrane
21
Q
Bursae and tendon sheaths cushion ____
A
Organs during movement
22
Q
Integument=?
A
Skin
23
Q
4 functions of integumentary system
A
PROTECTION of deeper tissues from chemicals, bacteria, drying. REGULATION of body temp. through radiation and sweating. PRODUCTION of vitamin D. SENSORY RECEPTORS for pressure and pain that’s absorbent and cushions.
24
Q
3 main layers of integumentary system
A
Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer
25
Epidermis is the _______layer
Outermost
26
Epidermis is made of ____ ,______ ,_______ epithelial
Stratified ,squamous ,keratinizing
27
In epidermis what is keratinizing
Becoming hard and tough
28
In integumentary system what is keratin and hyperkeratosis
Keritan is protein. Hyperkeratosis is abundance of protein disease
29
What is avascular?
Vessels are in the dermis
30
In epidermis it takes 3-4weeks for cells to get from____
Lowest to layer to reach the surface
31
In epidermis cells at the surface are ____ and _____ then replaced by _____ of cells in the _____layer.
Dead, flake off, basal layer
32
In epidermis there's 5 mini layers. (Top to bottom)
```
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum germinativum
```
33
In epidermis what produces pigment
Melanocytes
34
In epidermis what ranges from yellow to brown to black and is found in the stratum germinativum
Melanin
35
What two things are seen where melanin is concentrated into one place in the epidermis
Moles and freckles
36
Melanin in found in the what layer of the epidermis' 5 layers
Germinativum
37
Dermis is made of ______,_____, connective tissues
Dense, fibrous
38
Dermis is the site of?
Blood vessels, nerves, & epithelial appendages
39
2 layers of dermis are?
Papillary- made of dermal perilla, had ridges which produce fingerprints.
Reticular- contains blood vessels, sweat and oil glands and pressure receptors
40
Upper layer of dermis
Papillary: made is of dermal perilla which make fingerprints
41
Lower layer of dermis
Reticular- contains blood vessels, sweat and oil glands and pressure receptors
42
Subcutaneous layer is ____ cells; shock______ that anchors the dermis
Fat cells, shock absorbers that anchor the dermis
43
Skin appendages have cutaneous glands that are all?
Exocrine glands
44
Skin appendages have 2 groups
Sabaceous-oil glands
| Sudoriferous- sweat glands
45
Sabaceous glands produce ____
Sebum and oily product
46
Another word for oil
Sebum
47
Sebum is usually ducted into?
Hair follicles
48
Sebum keeps ______ and _____ moist and contains chemicals to kill bacteria
Skin and hair
49
Sebaceous glands are everywhere except?
Palms and soles
50
Sebaceous glands are numerous on?
The head, face,chest, and back
51
Infected or blocked gland
Acne
52
Another word for cradle cap
Saborrha
53
Sebaceous glands are controlled by
Sex hormones
54
Sudoriferous glands are controlled by
Nervous system
55
Sudoriferous gland produces ______ which is ducted to epithelial surface
Sweat
56
Sudoriferous glands is part of the body's ____
Heat regulating apparatus
57
2 types of sudoriferous glands
Eccrine- numerous, produce sweat
| Apocrine- produce protein, water, salts. Odor at puberty
58
Hair appendage functions
Protect, shield and insulate
59
Hair is mainly_____ karatinized cells and are produced by ____
Dead, hair bulb
60
The root of the hair is enclosed in a ____or a_____
Sheath or hair follicle
61
Visible part of the hair
Shaft
62
Hair develops from the root(dermal papilla) that's nourished by?
Blood stream
63
If root is damaged the hair?
Stops growing
64
Adults have about how many hairs
120,000
65
Which has fewer hairs redheads or blondes
Redheads
66
What type of hairs in body
Baby hairs and fine soft hairs
67
Long hairs on?
Scalp
68
Short stuff hairs on?
Eyebrows
69
Finest hairs are on
Blondes
70
Coarsest hairs are
On black hair
71
Straight hair has
Cylindrical hair shafts
72
Curly/wavy hair has
Oval hair shafts
73
Wooly hair has
Flat shaft
74
Scalp hair grows ___ per month
1/2
75
Every 5-6 months there's a _____period in hair growth
Resting period in hair growth
76
Up to 10% of scalp hair ?
Fall out
77
Goose pimples are when you're
Cold, afraid, alarmed
78
Muscles in follicle called____
Amector
79
Pili muscles contract making hair ?
Stand on end and bunch around shaft
80
Part of hair follicle
Above surface- Shaft
Below surface-root
Below surface- bulb
81
Split ends are when
Outer protective layer of hair tends to wear away at the tip
82
2 categories of body membranes
Epithelial and connective
83
Outer protective layer of hair is called ?
Cuticle
84
Hair layers
Inside- medulla
Middle- cortex
Outside- cuticle
85
Inside layer of hair
Medulla
86
Other layer of hair
Cuticle
87
Parts of nails
Free edge, body, root
88
Attached visible part of the nail
Free edge, body
89
Nails are ______ and nearly colorless
Transparent
90
Nails look pink because of
The rich blood supply under it
91
White crescent at the base of nail
Lunula
92
Thick proximal nail fold is called
Cuticle
93
Lowest layer of cells compose nail folds is called
General matrix
94
If the general matrix are damaged
The whole nail is lost
95
Athletes foot is
Itchy red peeling condition between toes from fungus infection
96
Boils and carbuncles
Inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands.
97
Where are boils and carbuncles common
The neck
98
Cold sores and fever blisters
Cause by herpes
99
Herpes is a virus localized in a cutaneous nerve that
Just sits there until stressed, fever, or too much sun
100
Contact dermatitis
Itching, redness which leads to blister formation
101
What are contact dermatitis cause by
Chemicals causing an allergic reaction (poison ivy)
102
Impetigo
Pink, water filled raised lesions. Has yellow crust that ruptures
103
What is impetigo cause by
Staph infection
104
Psoriasis
Reddened epidermal lesions covered with dry silvery scales
105
What is psoriasis caused by
Hereditary, stress or hormonal changes
106
Hemangioma
Abnormal blood vessels distribution, near surface
107
Petechia
Heat rash
108
Shingles
Chicken pox virus
109
Burns of skin
Tissue damage, cell death cause by heat, electricity, sunburn, chemicals
110
3 Burn problems
Fluid lose, infection, all systems react
111
Fluid loss burn problem
Dehydration, electrolytes imbalance, circulatory shock
112
Infection burn problem
Main cause of death in burn victims
113
All system reacts burn problem
Metabolism can go up or down, immune system depressed
114
1st degree burn
Only epidermis burned, red swollen,
115
2nd degree burn
Injure epidermis and upper dermis, blisters, no scar
116
3rd degree burn
Burns entire skin, nerves destroyed, doesn't hurt, skin graphing done
117
Burns are critical if
25% of body 2nd degree burn, 10% has 3rd degree or 3rd degree burns on hands, feet, face
118
Most skin tumors are _____ and don't spread
Benign
119
Malignan skin cancer?
Spreads
120
Boundary between dermis and epidermis, cells of stratum germinativum altered can't form keratin, least malignan
Basal cell carcinoma
121
Squamous means
Flat and scaly
122
On scalp, ears, lower lip; grows rapidly, spreads to lymph nodes if not removed sun induces. Raised, red, scaly lesion
Squamous cell carcinoma
123
5% of skin cancer any where with pigment, spreading mole
Malignant melanoma
124
ABCD
Asymmetry, border, color, diameter
125
Babies lanugo
5-6 months fetus hair
126
Baby vernix caseosa
White, cheesy- from sebaceous glands- protects skin in mom
127
Milia
Small white spots, baby acne, milk bumps
128
Alopecia
Hair thins, from stress
