Ch.1&2 Review Flashcards
Definition of physiology
Study of how the body and it’s parts WORK and FUNCTION.
Relationship between anatomy and physiology
Each part of your body has a job; the STRUCTURE DETERMINES what FUNCTIONS can take place.
Levels of organization
Atom (form) Molecules (make-up) Cell (all organisms have 1 or +) Tissue (form) Organ (make-up) Organ Systems (make-up) Organism
11 systems [SMILE NURRD :V) ]
Skeletal Muscular Integumentary Lymphatic Endocrine Nervous Urinary(Excretory) Reproductive Respiratory Digestive Cardiovascular
Skeletal systems parts and jobs
Parts: Bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints.
Job: supports body, protects organs
Muscular systems parts and jobs
Parts: Muscles
Job: contract to cause movement
Integumentary systems parts and jobs
Parts: skin, nails, hair
Job: waterproof, protection, cushion, regulates temperature.
Lymphatic systems parts and jobs
Parts: lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils(immunity)
Jobs: carry lymph
Endocrine systems parts and jobs
Parts: Pituitary, thyroid, thymus, pancreas, parathyroid, adrenals, ovaries, testes
Job: controls bodily activities by secreting hormones.
Nervous systems parts and jobs
Parts: brain, spinal cord, nerves
Jobs: responds 2 internal and external changes by activating right muscles, glands.
Urinary (Excretory) systems parts and jobs
Parts: kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
Job: removes nitrogen waste, flushed out system.
Respiratory systems parts and jobs
Parts: nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Job: gas exchange, keeps oxygen, removes carbon dioxide.
Reproductive system parts and jobs
Parts: testes, scrotum, glands and duct systems(male); ovary, Fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina(female).
8 life functions (MMMRREDG)
Maintain balance Movement Metabolism Responsiveness Reproduction Excretion Digestion Growth
2 types of metabolism
Anabolism: putting together (amino acids->proteins)
Catabolism: breaks down(hamburger->amino acids(digestive) )
5 Servival needs (ABNOW)
Atmospheric Body temperature (98.6 F) Nutrients Oxygen Water (60-80%)
Hematopoiesis
Blood cell formation
Homeostasis
Internal balance even when the outside changes. (Sweating, cooling process)(shivering,2 generate heat)
2 types of feedback
Positive: up, up; down, down. Ex: cut yourself. Blood goes up, platelets goes up
Negative: up, down;down, up. Ex: body temp goes up, sweat makes body temp go down.
Anatomical language: Directions
Superior-towards head Inferior-away from head Posterior- back of body Anterior- front of body Medial- middle Lateral- away from middle Intermediate- between medial&lateral Superficial- towards surface Deep-away from surface Proximal- close to attachment points Distal- away from attachment points
Anatomical language: Cuts
Saggital: Right and left
Frontal: front and back
Transverse: top and bottom
Regional terms: Anterior
- Abdominal-ribs
- Antecubital- Fromt elbow
- Axillary- underarm
- Branchial-arms
- buccal-cheek
- cervical-neck
- Digital-fingers/toes
- Femoral-Thigh
- Inguinal-groin
- Oral-mouth
- Orbital-eye
- Patellar-knee
- Pubic-genital
- Thoracic- Chest
- Umbilical-belly button
- Acromial-rounded shoulder
- Carpal-wrist
- Coxal-hip
- Pelvic-pelvis
- Crural-lower leg
- Fibular-side of the leg
- Nasal-nose
Regional terms: Posterior
- Deltoid- back curve of shoulder
- Scapular- shoulder blade
- Gluteal- buttocks
- Lumbar-lower back
- Occipital- back of head
- Popliteal-back of knee
- Sural-back of lower leg
- Cephalic-whole head
- Sacral-between hips
- vertebral- backbone(spine)
What’s the anatomical position?
On back, palms up
Two body cavities?
Posterior: spinal(spinal cord), cranial(brain).
Anterior: Thoracic (♥️&lungs), abdominal pelvic
Quadrants of abdominal pelvic?
Right upper
Right lower
Left upper
Left lower
Subquadrants of abdominal pelvic
Top row:Right hypochondriac, epigastric, Left hypochondriac.
Mid row:Right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar.
Bottom row:Right iliac, hypogastric, Left iliac
Definition of anatomy
The study of the STRUCTURE and SHAPE of the body, body parts, and their RELATIONSHIP to one another.
