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Anatomy > Ch.1&2 Review > Flashcards

Ch.1&2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of physiology

A

Study of how the body and it’s parts WORK and FUNCTION.

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2
Q

Relationship between anatomy and physiology

A

Each part of your body has a job; the STRUCTURE DETERMINES what FUNCTIONS can take place.

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3
Q

Levels of organization

A 
Atom (form)
Molecules (make-up)
Cell (all organisms have 1 or +)
Tissue (form)
Organ (make-up)
Organ Systems (make-up)
Organism
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4
Q

11 systems [SMILE NURRD :V) ]

A 
Skeletal
Muscular 
Integumentary 
Lymphatic 
Endocrine 
Nervous
Urinary(Excretory)
Reproductive 
Respiratory 
Digestive 
Cardiovascular
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5
Q

Skeletal systems parts and jobs

A

Parts: Bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints.
Job: supports body, protects organs

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6
Q

Muscular systems parts and jobs

A

Parts: Muscles
Job: contract to cause movement

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7
Q

Integumentary systems parts and jobs

A

Parts: skin, nails, hair
Job: waterproof, protection, cushion, regulates temperature.

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8
Q

Lymphatic systems parts and jobs

A

Parts: lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils(immunity)
Jobs: carry lymph

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9
Q

Endocrine systems parts and jobs

A

Parts: Pituitary, thyroid, thymus, pancreas, parathyroid, adrenals, ovaries, testes
Job: controls bodily activities by secreting hormones.

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10
Q

Nervous systems parts and jobs

A

Parts: brain, spinal cord, nerves
Jobs: responds 2 internal and external changes by activating right muscles, glands.

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11
Q

Urinary (Excretory) systems parts and jobs

A

Parts: kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
Job: removes nitrogen waste, flushed out system.

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12
Q

Respiratory systems parts and jobs

A

Parts: nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Job: gas exchange, keeps oxygen, removes carbon dioxide.

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13
Q

Reproductive system parts and jobs

A

Parts: testes, scrotum, glands and duct systems(male); ovary, Fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina(female).

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14
Q

8 life functions (MMMRREDG)

A 
Maintain balance
Movement
Metabolism
Responsiveness
Reproduction
Excretion
Digestion 
Growth
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15
Q

2 types of metabolism

A

Anabolism: putting together (amino acids->proteins)
Catabolism: breaks down(hamburger->amino acids(digestive) )

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16
Q

5 Servival needs (ABNOW)

A 
Atmospheric 
Body temperature (98.6 F)
Nutrients 
Oxygen
Water (60-80%)
17
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Blood cell formation

18
Q

Homeostasis

A

Internal balance even when the outside changes. (Sweating, cooling process)(shivering,2 generate heat)

19
Q

2 types of feedback

A

Positive: up, up; down, down. Ex: cut yourself. Blood goes up, platelets goes up
Negative: up, down;down, up. Ex: body temp goes up, sweat makes body temp go down.

20
Q

Anatomical language: Directions

A 
Superior-towards head
Inferior-away from head
Posterior- back of body
Anterior- front of body
Medial- middle
Lateral- away from middle 
Intermediate- between medial&lateral 
Superficial- towards surface
Deep-away from surface
Proximal- close to attachment points
Distal- away from attachment points
21
Q

Anatomical language: Cuts

A

Saggital: Right and left
Frontal: front and back
Transverse: top and bottom

22
Q

Regional terms: Anterior

A
  1. Abdominal-ribs
  2. Antecubital- Fromt elbow
  3. Axillary- underarm
  4. Branchial-arms
  5. buccal-cheek
  6. cervical-neck
  7. Digital-fingers/toes
  8. Femoral-Thigh
  9. Inguinal-groin
  10. Oral-mouth
  11. Orbital-eye
  12. Patellar-knee
  13. Pubic-genital
  14. Thoracic- Chest
  15. Umbilical-belly button
  16. Acromial-rounded shoulder
  17. Carpal-wrist
  18. Coxal-hip
  19. Pelvic-pelvis
  20. Crural-lower leg
  21. Fibular-side of the leg
  22. Nasal-nose
23
Q

Regional terms: Posterior

A
  1. Deltoid- back curve of shoulder
  2. Scapular- shoulder blade
  3. Gluteal- buttocks
  4. Lumbar-lower back
  5. Occipital- back of head
  6. Popliteal-back of knee
  7. Sural-back of lower leg
  8. Cephalic-whole head
  9. Sacral-between hips
  10. vertebral- backbone(spine)
24
Q

What’s the anatomical position?

A

On back, palms up

25
Q

Two body cavities?

A

Posterior: spinal(spinal cord), cranial(brain).
Anterior: Thoracic (♥️&lungs), abdominal pelvic

26
Q

Quadrants of abdominal pelvic?

A

Right upper
Right lower
Left upper
Left lower

27
Q

Subquadrants of abdominal pelvic

A

Top row:Right hypochondriac, epigastric, Left hypochondriac.
Mid row:Right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar.
Bottom row:Right iliac, hypogastric, Left iliac

28
Q

Definition of anatomy

A

The study of the STRUCTURE and SHAPE of the body, body parts, and their RELATIONSHIP to one another.

Anatomy (7 decks)

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