Chapter 3- Cells And Tissues

Question 1

Four cell functions?

Answer 1

Biosynthesis, Excretion, Nutrient, Respiration

Question 2

Biosynthesis

Answer 2

Making macromolecules a cell needs

Question 3

Excretion

Answer 3

Gets rid of waste into environment

Question 4

Respiration

Answer 4

Breaking down food to release energy

Question 5

2 types of cells

Answer 5

Prokaryotes(bacteria)- not membrane bound

Eukaryotes- membrane bound(everything except bacteria)

Question 6

Plasma membrane’s main function

Answer 6

Transport, protect, and semi-permeable

Question 7

Cytoplasm’s main function

Answer 7

Factory area

Question 8

Nucleus’ main function

Answer 8

Control center

Question 9

Endoplasmic Reticulum’s main function

Answer 9

Storage of proteins, makes lipids

Question 10

Mitochondria’ said function

Answer 10

Makes energy (cristae/matrix)

Question 11

Golgi body’s main function

Answer 11

Package proteins in vesicles (cisternae)

Question 12

Ribosomes’ function

Answer 12

Protein synthesis

Question 13

Peroxisomes’ main function

Answer 13

Get rid of peroxides

Question 14

Lysosomes’ main function

Answer 14

Cleaners if cell

Question 15

Vacuole’s main function

Answer 15

Holds waste

Question 16

Centrioles’ main function

Answer 16

(Mitosis) Structure

Question 17

What make up the plasma membrane?

Answer 17

Phospholipids

Question 18

Organ molecules contain ______

Answer 18

Carbon

Question 19

Four organic molecules

Answer 19

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 20

Carbohydrates are made of sugars like ___,____, and____ which make____

Answer 20

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides to make energy

Question 21

Lipids(phospholipids) are_____that___?

Answer 21

Fats that store energy and provide insulation

Question 22

Nucleic acids are_____

Answer 22

Heredity; DNA &amp RNA

Question 23

DNA

Answer 23

2 strands, has a nucleotide, bases A,T,C,G, sugar is deoxyribose

Question 24

RNA

Answer 24

1 strand, had nucleotide, bases U,A,C,G, sugar is ribose

Question 25

Meiosis(sexual): what, where, #of chromosome, in general

Answer 25

Variations, sex cells=gametes, 23 per cell, diploid > 2 haploids x2

Question 26

Mitosis(asexual): what, where, #chromosomes, in general

Answer 26

Clone, body cells=somatic cells, 46per cell, diploid>2 diploids

Question 27

Cell cycle

Answer 27

Interphase and mitosis

Question 28

3 steps in interphase

Answer 28

G1-growth, S-synthesis(rep.DNA), G2- growth 2

Question 29

4 phases in Mitosis

Answer 29

Telephone, anaphase, metaphase and prophase

Question 30

Where is protein synthesis?

Answer 30

Ribosomes

Question 31

What is protein synthesis? And it's 2 steps?

Answer 31

Making proteins | 2 steps are transcription and translation

Question 32

Transcription: Where, job, RNA?

Answer 32

In nucleus, job is for mRNA to read DNA, has mRNA

Question 33

Translation: Where, job, RNA?

Answer 33

In the cytoplasm and ribosomes, tRNA reads mRNA and finds amino acids, has tRNA

Question 34

Another name for extracellular fluid and what they mean?

Answer 34

Interstitial fluid, means the space around every cell

Question 35

4 main tissue types

Answer 35

Epithelial, connective, nervous, muscular

Question 36

Epithelial

Answer 36

Forms coverings outside body, lines cavities of organs, tubes, and glands, sheets are 1-7 layers thick

Question 37

Words to describe layers of epithelial tissues(psst)

Answer 37

Pseudostratified- Looks layered but isn't Stratified- many layers of cells Simple- 1 layer of cells Transitional- several layers, different shapes

Question 38

Words that describe the look of epithelial tissue

Answer 38

Cuboidal- cube Squamous- flat and scaly Columnar- columns

Question 39

Connective tissue

Answer 39

Most abundant type; function is to protect, support and bind together parts

Question 40

What are dense fibrosis connective tissues?

Answer 40

Ligaments and tendons

Question 41

Nervous tissue

Answer 41

Has nerve cells(neurons) to get and send electrical impulses

Question 42

Where are 3 places nervous tissues are found

Answer 42

Brain, spinal cord, nerves

Question 43

Muscle tissues

Answer 43

Made of cells that conduct impulses and contact

Question 44

Three types of muscular tissues

Answer 44

Skeletal(flesh), voluntary(we control), striated(striped), multinucleale(many nuclei)

Question 45

3 kinds of muscular tissues

Answer 45

Cardiac- heart, involuntary, uninucleate, striated. Smooth muscle- virceral(organ) tissue, uninucleate, involuntary, smooth Skeletal- attached to the bones, voluntary, multinucleate, striated

Question 46

What are groups of cells that are similar in structure and function?

Answer 46

Tissue

Question 47

4 elements that make up the bulk of all living things ?

Answer 47

Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen

Question 48

Cell theory statements:

Answer 48

All living things are made of cells. Cells come from other cells, the cell is the basic unit of structure and function.

Question 49

What is cristae?

Answer 49

The folds of the inner mitochondria

Question 50

What is cisternae

Answer 50

Flattened disks of the Golgi apparatus

Question 51

Difference between somatic cells and gametes

Answer 51

Somatic cells have diploid and fame red have haploids

Question 52

2 chemotherapeutic drugs that are fatal

Answer 52

Vincristine- damages mitotic spindles and causes won't let cell division happen Adriamycin because it blocks DNA message to mRNA so it can't transport to tRNA

Question 53

No blood=?

Answer 53

Slow healing

Question 54

Liver _____itself

Answer 54

Regenerates

Question 55

Cell theory by ____,_____, and ______

Answer 55

Schleiden , Schwann, and Virchow