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Anatomy > Chapter 3- Cells And Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 3- Cells And Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Four cell functions?

A

Biosynthesis, Excretion, Nutrient, Respiration

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2
Q

Biosynthesis

A

Making macromolecules a cell needs

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3
Q

Excretion

A

Gets rid of waste into environment

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4
Q

Respiration

A

Breaking down food to release energy

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5
Q

2 types of cells

A

Prokaryotes(bacteria)- not membrane bound

Eukaryotes- membrane bound(everything except bacteria)

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6
Q

Plasma membrane’s main function

A

Transport, protect, and semi-permeable

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7
Q

Cytoplasm’s main function

A

Factory area

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8
Q

Nucleus’ main function

A

Control center

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9
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum’s main function

A

Storage of proteins, makes lipids

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10
Q

Mitochondria’ said function

A

Makes energy (cristae/matrix)

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11
Q

Golgi body’s main function

A

Package proteins in vesicles (cisternae)

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12
Q

Ribosomes’ function

A

Protein synthesis

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13
Q

Peroxisomes’ main function

A

Get rid of peroxides

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14
Q

Lysosomes’ main function

A

Cleaners if cell

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15
Q

Vacuole’s main function

A

Holds waste

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16
Q

Centrioles’ main function

A

(Mitosis) Structure

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17
Q

What make up the plasma membrane?

A

Phospholipids

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18
Q

Organ molecules contain ______

A

Carbon

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19
Q

Four organic molecules

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

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20
Q

Carbohydrates are made of sugars like ___,____, and____ which make____

A

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides to make energy

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21
Q

Lipids(phospholipids) are_____that___?

A

Fats that store energy and provide insulation

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22
Q

Nucleic acids are_____

A

Heredity; DNA &amp RNA

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23
Q

DNA

A

2 strands, has a nucleotide, bases A,T,C,G, sugar is deoxyribose

24
Q

RNA

A

1 strand, had nucleotide, bases U,A,C,G, sugar is ribose

25
Q

Meiosis(sexual): what, where, #of chromosome, in general

A

Variations, sex cells=gametes, 23 per cell, diploid > 2 haploids x2

26
Q

Mitosis(asexual): what, where, #chromosomes, in general

A

Clone, body cells=somatic cells, 46per cell, diploid>2 diploids

27
Q

Cell cycle

A

Interphase and mitosis

28
Q

3 steps in interphase

A

G1-growth, S-synthesis(rep.DNA), G2- growth 2

29
Q

4 phases in Mitosis

A

Telephone, anaphase, metaphase and prophase

30
Q

Where is protein synthesis?

31
Q

What is protein synthesis? And it’s 2 steps?

A

Making proteins

2 steps are transcription and translation

32
Q

Transcription: Where, job, RNA?

A

In nucleus, job is for mRNA to read DNA, has mRNA

33
Q

Translation: Where, job, RNA?

A

In the cytoplasm and ribosomes, tRNA reads mRNA and finds amino acids, has tRNA

34
Q

Another name for extracellular fluid and what they mean?

A

Interstitial fluid, means the space around every cell

35
Q

4 main tissue types

A

Epithelial, connective, nervous, muscular

36
Q

Epithelial

A

Forms coverings outside body, lines cavities of organs, tubes, and glands, sheets are 1-7 layers thick

37
Q

Words to describe layers of epithelial tissues(psst)

A

Pseudostratified- Looks layered but isn’t
Stratified- many layers of cells
Simple- 1 layer of cells
Transitional- several layers, different shapes

38
Q

Words that describe the look of epithelial tissue

A

Cuboidal- cube
Squamous- flat and scaly
Columnar- columns

39
Q

Connective tissue

A

Most abundant type; function is to protect, support and bind together parts

40
Q

What are dense fibrosis connective tissues?

A

Ligaments and tendons

41
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Has nerve cells(neurons) to get and send electrical impulses

42
Q

Where are 3 places nervous tissues are found

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves

43
Q

Muscle tissues

A

Made of cells that conduct impulses and contact

44
Q

Three types of muscular tissues

A

Skeletal(flesh), voluntary(we control), striated(striped), multinucleale(many nuclei)

45
Q

3 kinds of muscular tissues

A

Cardiac- heart, involuntary, uninucleate, striated.
Smooth muscle- virceral(organ) tissue, uninucleate, involuntary, smooth
Skeletal- attached to the bones, voluntary, multinucleate, striated

46
Q

What are groups of cells that are similar in structure and function?

47
Q

4 elements that make up the bulk of all living things ?

A

Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen

48
Q

Cell theory statements:

A

All living things are made of cells. Cells come from other cells, the cell is the basic unit of structure and function.

49
Q

What is cristae?

A

The folds of the inner mitochondria

50
Q

What is cisternae

A

Flattened disks of the Golgi apparatus

51
Q

Difference between somatic cells and gametes

A

Somatic cells have diploid and fame red have haploids

52
Q

2 chemotherapeutic drugs that are fatal

A

Vincristine- damages mitotic spindles and causes won’t let cell division happen
Adriamycin because it blocks DNA message to mRNA so it can’t transport to tRNA

53
Q

No blood=?

A

Slow healing

54
Q

Liver _____itself

A

Regenerates

55
Q

Cell theory by ____,_____, and ______

A

Schleiden , Schwann, and Virchow

Anatomy (7 decks)

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