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Human Anatomy and Physiology Honors > Chapter 4 - Skin and Body Membranes > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Skin and Body Membranes Flashcards

0
Q

Mucous membrane

A

A type of membrane that lines all body cavities that open up to the exterior

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1
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

The skin of the body, a dry membrane that is exposed to air

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2
Q

Serous membrane

A

A type of membrane that lines all body cavities that are closed to the exterior (except for the dorsal body cavity and joint cavities) and secretes serum

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3
Q

Serosa

A

Another name for the serous membrane

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4
Q

Mucosa

A

Another name for the mucous membrane

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5
Q

Parietal layer

A

A serous layer that lines a specific portion of the wall of the ventral body cavity, and it folds in on itself to form the visceral layer

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6
Q

Visceral layer

A

A serous layer that covers the outside of the organs in that cavity

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7
Q

Serous fluid

A

A thin clear fluid secreted by the parietal and visceral layers that separate the serous layers

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8
Q

Peritoneum

A

The serosa that lines the abdominal cavity and covers its organs

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9
Q

Pleura

A

Serosa that surrounds the lungs

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10
Q

Pericardium

A

Serosa that surrounds the heart

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11
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Membrane composed of soft areolar connective tissue with no epithelium that lines the fibrous capsules surrounding the joints

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12
Q

Bursae

A

Small sacs made up of connective tissue located at friction points, especially joints

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13
Q

Keratin

A

A tough, insoluble protein found in tissues such as hair, nails, and epidermis of the skin

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14
Q

Cornified

A

A process when the skin hardens and becomes horn shaped

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15
Q

Epidermis

A

The outer layer of the skin made up of stratified squamous epithelium that is capable of keratinizing, or becoming hard and tough

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16
Q

Dermis

A

The skin layer underneath the epidermis made up of mostly dense connective tissue, it is firmly connected with the epidermis and is fairly tear resistant

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17
Q

Subcutaneous tissue

A

The layer deep to the dermis that is made up of adipose tissue. It is not considered to be part of the skin, but it does connect the skin to underlying organs and provides a site for nutrient (fat) storage.

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18
Q

Hypodermis

A

Another name for the subcutaneous tissue

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19
Q

Arrector pill muscle

A

Tiny, smooth muscles attached to to hair follicles; when activated, they cause the hair to stand upright

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20
Q

Strata

A

Many layers, plural for stratum

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21
Q

Stratum basale

A

The deepest cell layer of the epidermis containing the most adequately nourished epidermal cells. It is also called the stratum germinativum since the cells are constantly dividing

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22
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

The fourth layer of the epidermis that contains cells with thick bundles of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin

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23
Q

Stratum granulosom

A

The third layer of the epidermis covered with flattened cells filled with deteriorated organelles and cytoplasms full of keratohyalin granules

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24
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

A layer of the epidermis that is only present in skin surfaces that is hairless and extra thick (on the palms of hands or soles of the feet). It is composed of three to five layers of dead, flattened keratinocytes

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25
Q

Stratum corneum

A

The outermost layer of the epidermis, usually 20-30 cell layers thick but accounts for three-quarters of the epidermal thickness. It is completely filled with cornified (keratinized) cells

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26
Q

Keratinocytes

A

The most common cells in the epidermis found in the stratum basal that produce keratin

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27
Q

Dandruff

A

Small pieces of dead skin in a person’s hair

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28
Q

Melanin

A

A pigment that determines skin color, the more it produces, the darker the skin color

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29
Q

Melanocytes

A

Spider shaped cells found chiefly in the stratum basale that produce melanin

30
Q

Epidermal Dendritic cells

A

Cells scattered in the epidermis that are important in alerting and activating immune system cells to a threat such as bacterial or viral invasion

31
Q

Merkel cells

A

Cells found in the epidermal-dermal junction that serve as touch receptors

32
Q

Herpes simplex

A

A viral infection that may produce cold sores, genital inflammation, or conjunctivitis

33
Q

Papillary layer

A

Upper dermal layer that contains capillary loops that provide nutrients and houses pain and touch receptors

34
Q

Dermal papillae

A

Peglike projections on the superior surface of the papillary layer that indent the epidermis above known as finger prints

35
Q

Reticular layer

A

Deepest skin layer that contains irregularly arranged connective tissue fibers, blood vessels, sweat and oil glands, also deep pressure receptors called lamellar corpuscles

36
Q

Lamellar corpuscles

A

Deep pressure and vibration receptors in the reticular layer

37
Q

Decubitus ulcers

A

Ulcers caused by not turning regularly in bed or dragged and pulled across the bed constantly

38
Q

Botox

A

A toxin produced by the bacteria that causes botulism, a dreaded form of food poisoning to help with treating eye muscle disorders and softening the skin

39
Q

Carotene

A

An orange-yellow pigment located mainly in the stratum corneum plentiful in carrots and other orange, deep yellow, or leafy green vegetables

40
Q

Cyanosis

A

A condition when a person can’t get enough oxygen that can cause the blood or skin to appear blue

41
Q

Erythema

A

Reddened skin from excess blood that may indicate embarrassment (blushing), fever, hypertension, inflammation, or allergy

42
Q

Pallor

A

Pale skin that can be caused by emotional stress (fear, anger, and others) or conditions such as anemia, low blood pressure, or impaired blood flow into the area

43
Q

Jaundice

A

An abnormal yellow skin tone that may signify a liver disorder in which excess bile pigments are absorbed into the blood

44
Q

Hemophilia

A

A bleeding disorder caused by absence of a blood clotting factor

45
Q

Sebum

A

The oily secretion of sebaceous glands (oil glands) that lubricates and keeps the skin soft and moist and prevents the hair from becoming brittle, contains chemical that can kill bacteria

46
Q

Apocrine glands

A

Large glands found in the axillary and genital areas that secrete fatty acids into the hair follicles, starts functioning during puberty

47
Q

Sudoriferous glands

A

the glands that produce a saline solution called sweat, also called sweat glands

48
Q

Seborrhea

A

Overactivity of the sebaceous glands, cradle cap in infants

49
Q

Acne

A

An active infection of the sebaceous glands accompanied by pimples on the skin

50
Q

Hair

A

A flexible epithelial structure produced by hair follicles

51
Q

Hair follicle

A

A sac from which a hair grows and into which the sebaceous glands open

52
Q

Lunule

A

The region over the thickened nail matrix that appears as a white crescent

53
Q

Rule of nines

A

A method that divides the body into 11 areas, each accounting for 9 percent of the total body surface area, plus an additional area that surrounds the genitals that represents 1 percent of body surface area to calculate how much the body surface is burned

54
Q

Partial thickness burns

A

second degree burn that burns through the surface of the papillary layer

55
Q

Full thickness burns

A

Third-degree burn, it burns all the way through the dermis

56
Q

Athletes foot

A

An itchy, red, peeling condition of the skin between the toes, resulting from fungus infection

57
Q

Tines pedis

A

Another term for Athletes Foot

58
Q

Boils

A

Inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands (common on the dorsal neck) caused by bacterial infection (often Staphylococcus aureus)

59
Q

Carbuncles

A

Inflammation of clusters of hair follicles and sebaceous glands (common on the dorsal neck)

60
Q

Dermatitis

A

Itching, redness, and swelling of the skin caused by the skin’s exposure to chemicals that provoke allergic reactions

61
Q

Impetigo

A

Pink, water-filled, raised lesions (common around the mouth and nose) that develop a yellow crust and eventually rupture, caused by a highly contagious staphylococcus infection

62
Q

Psoriasis

A

A chronic condition characterized by overproduction of skin cells that results in reddened epidermal lesions covered with dry, silvery scales that itch, burn, crack and sometimes bleed

63
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

The least malignant and most common skin cancer

64
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

A type of skin cancer arises from the cells of the stratum spinosum that appears as a shallow ulcer with a firm, raised border, grows quickly

65
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

A deadly and rare type of cancer of melanocytes

66
Q

ABCD rule

A

A rule that is used to check for skin cancer, a stands for asymmetry, b is for border, c is for color, d is for diameter

67
Q

Lanugo

A

A fine, soft, downy type of hair developed by a five to six months infant that will usually be shed after birth

68
Q

Vernix caseosa

A

The white, cheesy-looking substance produced by the sebaceous gland to protect the baby’s skin while it is floating in its water-filled sac inside the mother

69
Q

Milia

A

Accumulations of the sebaceous glands that appear as small, white spots on the baby’s nose and forehead

70
Q

Alopecia

A

Hair thinning and baldness that occur in humans’ hair by the age of 50 because the immune system is attacking the hair follicles

71
Q

Vellues

A

Colorless and tiny hairs caused by the degeneration of hair follicles

72
Q

Ringworm

A

A fungal disease that can cause graying and hair loss

Human Anatomy and Physiology Honors (4 decks)

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