Chapter 3 - Cells And Tissues

Question 0

Basement Membrane

Answer 0

A thin layer of extracellular material to which epithelial cells are attached in mucosa surfaces

Question 1

Apical surface

Answer 1

Surface of an epithelial cell that is exposed to the surface of the body

Question 2

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 2

One of the primary types of tissues that covers the surface of the body and lines the body cavities, ducts, and vessels. Functions include protection, absorption, filtration and secretion

Question 3

Avascular

Answer 3

Having few or no blood vessels

Question 4

Cilia

Answer 4

Tiny, hairlike projections on cell surfaces that move in a wavelike manner, walks to move mucus along and keep dust away

Question 5

Microvilli

Answer 5

The tiny projections on the free surfaces of some epithelial cells; increase surface area for absorption

Question 6

Serous Membrane

Answer 6

Membrane that lines a cavity without an opening to the outside of the body (except for joint cavities)

Question 7

Squamous

Answer 7

Cells that are flat and thin

Question 8

Cuboidal

Answer 8

Cells that are shaped like a cuboid

Question 9

Columnar

Answer 9

Cells that are shaped like columns with small width but tall heights

Question 10

Transitional

Answer 10

Stratified epithelium that can contract and expand

Question 11

Stratified

Answer 11

Cells that have more than one layer

Question 12

Simple

Answer 12

Cells that have only one layer

Question 13

Goblet Cells

Answer 13

Individual cells (simple glands) that produce mucus

Question 14

Mucous Membrane

Answer 14

Also called the mucosa, membrane that forms the linings of body cavities open to the exterior (digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts)

Question 15

Endocrine

Answer 15

Ductless glands that empty their hormonal products directly into the blood

Question 16

Exocrine

Answer 16

Glands that have ducts through which their secretions are carried to a body surface (skin or mucosa)

Question 17

Extracellular Matrix

Answer 17

Nonliving material in connective tissue consisting of ground substance and fibres that separate the living cells, mostly made up of protein fiber networks

Question 18

Connective Tissue

Answer 18

A primary tissue; form and function vary extensively. Functions include protecting, supporting and binding cells

Question 19

Osteocytes

Answer 19

Mature bone cells

Question 20

Lacunae

Answer 20

Depression or space in bone or cartilage, usually occupied by cells

Question 21

Ground Substance

Answer 21

The intercellular material in which the cells and fibers of connective tissue are embedded, composed largely of glycosaminoglycans, metabolites, water and ions, jelly-like substance through the cell

Question 22

Osseous

Answer 22

Bone tissue

Question 23

Chondrocytes

Answer 23

Mature cartilage cells

Question 24

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 24

A cartilage that is transparent, has an ultrafine fiber matrix

Question 25

Tight junction

Answer 25

A zip-like connection between two animal cells that no fluid can pass through

Question 26

Gap junction

Answer 26

A gap junction is a connection that directly connects the cytoplasm of two cells, allowing various molecules and ions to pass freely, channel-like junction

Question 27

Desmosomes

Answer 27

A structure that forms the site of adhesion between two cells, consisting of a dense plate in each adjacent cell separated by a thin layer of extracellular material, button-like junction

Question 28

Lamina Propria

Answer 28

A thin layer of loose connective tissue that lines a layer of the epithelium

Question 29

Edema

Answer 29

An abnormal accumulation of fluid in body parts or tissues; causes swelling

Question 30

Phagocytes

Answer 30

Cells capable of engulfing and digesting particles or cells harmful to the body

Question 31

Signet Ring Cells

Answer 31

Cells with a large vacuole, example can be fat cells

Question 32

Stroma

Answer 32

The connective, functionally supportive framework of a biological cell, tissue or organ

Question 33

Muscle Tissue

Answer 33

Soft tissues that compose muscles in animal bodies specialized with functions to contract or shorten to create movements

Question 34

Striations

Answer 34

Cross-striped muscle fibres

Question 35

Intercalated Disk

Answer 35

Junctions between two adjacent cardiac cells

Question 36

Visceral

Answer 36

Pertaining to the internal part of a structure or the internal organs

Question 37

Peristalsis

Answer 37

The waves of contraction seen in tubelike organs; propels substance along the tract

Question 38

Nervous Tissue

Answer 38

Tissues that makeup the body’s nervous system with the functions of sensing stimuli and sending impulses to different parts of the body

Question 39

Neurons

Answer 39

Cells of the nervous system specialized to transmit messages through out the body

Question 40

Neuroglia

Answer 40

A special group of supporting cells insulates, supports and protects the neurons, produces myelin; also called glia

Question 41

Regeneration

Answer 41

Regeneration replaces the dead or damaged cells with the same type of cell, thus restoring normal function.

Question 42

Fibrosis

Answer 42

Fibrosis replaces damaged tissue with scar tissue, which holds the tissue together but does not restore normal function.

Question 43

Granulation Tissue

Answer 43

A type of connective tissue that forms at the site of an injury

Question 44

Hyperplasia

Answer 44

The increase in the number of cells resulting in the gross enlargement of an organ

Question 45

Atrophy

Answer 45

Reduction in size or wasting away of an organ or cell resulting from disease or lack of use

Question 46

Mitosis

Answer 46

The division of the cell nucleus; often followed by division of the cytoplasm of a cell

Question 47

Tissue

Answer 47

A group of cells with the same function

Question 48

Histology

Answer 48

The branch of anatomy dealing with the microscopic structure of tissues