Chapter 1 - Orientation Flashcards
- Physiology
The study of how the body and its parts function
- Anatomy
The study of structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another
- Digestion
The process of breaking down foods chemically and mechanically
- Metabolism
The physical and chemical processes in the body that convert or use energy
- Excretion
The elimination of waste products from the body
- Reproduction
A state when the sperm combines with the egg to create a new life
- Homeostasis
A state of body equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body
- Negative feedback mechanisms
Feedbacks that cause the stimulus to reduce its functions or return to its original state
- Positive feedback mechanism
Feedbacks that cause the stimulus to speed up its functions
- Anatomical position
A position when a body stands erect with the palms and arms facing outward
- Medial
Toward the midline of the body
- Lateral
Away from the midline of the body
- Proximal
Toward the attached end of a limb or origin of a structure
- Distal
Farthest from the point of attachment of a limb or origin of a structure
- Superficial
Toward the surface of the body
- Deep
Toward the inside of the skin, under the surface
- Sagittal
A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left portions
- Cronal or Frontal
A longitudinal plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
- Transverse
A plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts
- Thoracic cavity
Area of where the chest is
- Diaphragm
A muscle that separates the thoracic cavity(chest) from the abdominopelvic cavity
- Mediastinum
The region of the thoracic cavity between the lungs
- Abdominopelvic
A body cavity that contains the abdomen and the pelvis and all of their organs
- Umbilical region
The abdominal region that is most central in location, surrounded by the umbilicus, belly button
- Epigastric region
An area of the upper and central part of the abdomen
- Axillary
Area of where the armpit is
- Carpal
Area of where the wrist is
- Coxal
Area of where the hip is
- Orbital
Eye area
- Patellar
The area of your kneecap
- Lumbar
An area of the lower part of the back
- Plantar
The sole of a foot
- Atmospheric Pressure
The force exerted on the surface of the body by the weight of air
- Effector
An organ, gland, or muscle capable of being activated by nerve endings or stimuli
- Set Point
Any one of a number of qualities which the body tries to keep at a particular level
- Receptor
A peripheral nerve ending specialized for response to particular types of stimuli, sensor that responses to changes in the environment
- Homeostatic imbalance
A situation of when the body’s homeostasis or internal functions is disturbed, and diseases become more likely to happen.
- Cranial cavity
Area of where the brain is
- Inguinal
Area where thigh meets body trunk; groin
- Calcaneal
Heel of foot
- Popliteal
Posterior knee area
- Caudal
Toward the tail
Maintaining boundaries
Maintaining boundaries means the inside of the body is distinct from the outside, and bacteria is kept out of the body by the integumentary system
Movement
Using the muscles and bones of our body to perform a variety of actions including walking, jumping, running etc
Responsiveness
The ability to sense changes around the environment and then react to them
Digestion
The process of breaking down digested food into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the blood
Excretion
The process of removing waste products from the body
Reproduction
The production of offspring
Growth
Increase in size and body weight
Nutrients
Nutrients come from the food we eat. It provides us with chemicals that can be used for energy and cell building.
Oxygen
Oxygen is an important part for gas exchanges in our body system. The respiratory system turns the oxygen into energy that can be used for our cells and in turn carbon dioxide is released.
Water
Water accounts for 60 to 80 percent of our body weight. Water is a vital part of our life because not only it keeps us from becoming dehydrated, it also provides the fluid that is needed to excrete out our body wastes
Body temperature
A normal body temperature must be maintained in order to keep our metabolic and chemical reactions at a normal rate.
