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Human Anatomy and Physiology Honors > Chapter 1 - Orientation > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Orientation Flashcards

0
Q
  1. Physiology
A

The study of how the body and its parts function

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1
Q
  1. Anatomy
A

The study of structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another

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2
Q
  1. Digestion
A

The process of breaking down foods chemically and mechanically

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3
Q
  1. Metabolism
A

The physical and chemical processes in the body that convert or use energy

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4
Q
  1. Excretion
A

The elimination of waste products from the body

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5
Q
  1. Reproduction
A

A state when the sperm combines with the egg to create a new life

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6
Q
  1. Homeostasis
A

A state of body equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body

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7
Q
  1. Negative feedback mechanisms
A

Feedbacks that cause the stimulus to reduce its functions or return to its original state

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8
Q
  1. Positive feedback mechanism
A

Feedbacks that cause the stimulus to speed up its functions

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9
Q
  1. Anatomical position
A

A position when a body stands erect with the palms and arms facing outward

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10
Q
  1. Medial
A

Toward the midline of the body

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11
Q
  1. Lateral
A

Away from the midline of the body

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12
Q
  1. Proximal
A

Toward the attached end of a limb or origin of a structure

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13
Q
  1. Distal
A

Farthest from the point of attachment of a limb or origin of a structure

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14
Q
  1. Superficial
A

Toward the surface of the body

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15
Q
  1. Deep
A

Toward the inside of the skin, under the surface

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16
Q
  1. Sagittal
A

A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left portions

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17
Q
  1. Cronal or Frontal
A

A longitudinal plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

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18
Q
  1. Transverse
A

A plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts

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19
Q
  1. Thoracic cavity
A

Area of where the chest is

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20
Q
  1. Diaphragm
A

A muscle that separates the thoracic cavity(chest) from the abdominopelvic cavity

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21
Q
  1. Mediastinum
A

The region of the thoracic cavity between the lungs

22
Q
  1. Abdominopelvic
A

A body cavity that contains the abdomen and the pelvis and all of their organs

23
Q
  1. Umbilical region
A

The abdominal region that is most central in location, surrounded by the umbilicus, belly button

24
Q
  1. Epigastric region
A

An area of the upper and central part of the abdomen

25
Q
  1. Axillary
A

Area of where the armpit is

26
Q
  1. Carpal
A

Area of where the wrist is

27
Q
  1. Coxal
A

Area of where the hip is

28
Q
  1. Orbital
A

Eye area

29
Q
  1. Patellar
A

The area of your kneecap

30
Q
  1. Lumbar
A

An area of the lower part of the back

31
Q
  1. Plantar
A

The sole of a foot

32
Q
  1. Atmospheric Pressure
A

The force exerted on the surface of the body by the weight of air

33
Q
  1. Effector
A

An organ, gland, or muscle capable of being activated by nerve endings or stimuli

34
Q
  1. Set Point
A

Any one of a number of qualities which the body tries to keep at a particular level

35
Q
  1. Receptor
A

A peripheral nerve ending specialized for response to particular types of stimuli, sensor that responses to changes in the environment

36
Q
  1. Homeostatic imbalance
A

A situation of when the body’s homeostasis or internal functions is disturbed, and diseases become more likely to happen.

37
Q
  1. Cranial cavity
A

Area of where the brain is

38
Q
  1. Inguinal
A

Area where thigh meets body trunk; groin

39
Q
  1. Calcaneal
A

Heel of foot

40
Q
  1. Popliteal
A

Posterior knee area

41
Q
  1. Caudal
A

Toward the tail

42
Q

Maintaining boundaries

A

Maintaining boundaries means the inside of the body is distinct from the outside, and bacteria is kept out of the body by the integumentary system

43
Q

Movement

A

Using the muscles and bones of our body to perform a variety of actions including walking, jumping, running etc

44
Q

Responsiveness

A

The ability to sense changes around the environment and then react to them

45
Q

Digestion

A

The process of breaking down digested food into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the blood

46
Q

Excretion

A

The process of removing waste products from the body

47
Q

Reproduction

A

The production of offspring

48
Q

Growth

A

Increase in size and body weight

49
Q

Nutrients

A

Nutrients come from the food we eat. It provides us with chemicals that can be used for energy and cell building.

50
Q

Oxygen

A

Oxygen is an important part for gas exchanges in our body system. The respiratory system turns the oxygen into energy that can be used for our cells and in turn carbon dioxide is released.

51
Q

Water

A

Water accounts for 60 to 80 percent of our body weight. Water is a vital part of our life because not only it keeps us from becoming dehydrated, it also provides the fluid that is needed to excrete out our body wastes

52
Q

Body temperature

A

A normal body temperature must be maintained in order to keep our metabolic and chemical reactions at a normal rate.

Human Anatomy and Physiology Honors (4 decks)

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