Chapter 4: Sexual Anatomy Flashcards
clitoris consists of:
- the tip (glans)
- a shaft consisting of two corpora cavernosa (spongy bodies)
- two crura (singular crus), longer spongy bodies, lie deep in the body and run from the tip of the clitoris to either side of the vagina, under the major lips
- vestibular bu,bs - close to the crura
mons pubis
rounded fatty pad of tissue covered with pubic hair
bartholin glands
two tiny glands located on either side of the vaginal entrance, have no significant function
fourchette
place wehere the inner lips come together
perineun
the area of skin between the vaginal opening and the anus
introitus
vaginal ppening itself
urethra
where urine comes from
hymen
thin membrane which partially covers the vaginal opening. at the time of first intercourse, the hymen may be broken or stretchen
vaginal mucosa
the inner layer of the vagina
pelvic floor muscles
surrounding the vagina, the urethra and the anus is a set of muscles:
pubococcygeus muscle
a pelvif floor muscle that may be stretched out during childbirth, or it may simply be weak
vestibular bulbs
two organs about the size of a pea pod. lay on either side of the vaginal wall, near the entrance, under the inner lips. Erectile tissue and lie close to the crura of the clitoris
Skene’s gland or fwmale prostate (g spot)
lies between the wall of the urethra and the wall of the vagina, in some women it secretes fluid.
uterus (womb)
shaped like an upside down pear. narrow lower third, cervic. top is the fundus, the main part. the entrance through the cervix is called the os or cervical canal.
The uterus consist of three layers
- endometrium: richly supplied with glands and blood vessels
- myometrium: muscular - very strong and elastic muscles, powerful contractions of labor and orgasm
- Perimetrium (external cover)
fallopian tubes (oviducts)
extending out from the sides of the upper end of the uterus are these tubes. They are for the pathway in wich the agg travels toward the uterus and the soerm reach the egg
ovaries
shape of an almond. They produce egg and sex hormones estrogen and progesterone.
follicles
mature an egg, so the follicle bursts open every moment and releases the egg into the body cavity
mammary glands
the breast consists of them, echt with a separate opening to the nipp;e and of fatty and fibrous tissues tha surround the clusters of glands
areola
the darker area surrounding the nipple
glans
the end or tip of the penis
meatus
urethral opening of the penis
shaft
main part of the penis
corona
the raised ridge at the edge of the glans
corpus spongiosum
the single spongy thing lying on the bottom of the penis
scrotum
loose pouch of skin that contains the testes. the testes themselves are considered part of the internal genitals
smegma
cheesy-textured substance produced by the small glands under the foreskin (Tyson’s glands)
supercision
involves making a slit the lent of the foreskin on the top, with the foreskin otherwise reamining in tact
subincision
slit is made on the lower side of the penis along its entire lengt and to the depth of the urethra
gonads
testes
seminiferous tubulus
internal structure of the testes, they amnufacture and store sperm (spermatogenesis). they are long series of threadlike tubed culed and packed denseley into the testes.
interstitial cells
produce testosterone
cremasteric reflex
moves the scrotum up and down when cold or hot to protect the sperm
stage of the male germ cells go through serveral stages of maturation:
- spermatogonium
- spermatocyte
- spermatid
- spermatozoan, or sperm
epididymis
long tube coiled in a small crescent shaped region on the top and side of the testis, sperm is stored in there until ejaculation
vas deferens
part that is cut in a vasectomy: The vas deferens transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation
seminal vesicles
two sac like structures that lie above the prostate, behind the bladder, and in front of the rectum. Seminal fluid. empty their fluid into the ejaculatory duct to combine with the sperm
prostate
below the bladder, secretes milkt alkaline fluid that is part of the ejaculate. it provides a favourable environment for the sperm
cowper’s gland
zorgen voor voorvocht
brca1 and brca 2 genes
create a higher risk for breast cancer
fibroadenomas and malignant tumors
first one is non cancerous
lumpectomy
when lump has not spread, only the lump is removed
a simple and radical mastectomy
simple: the breast and possibly a few lymph nodes are removed
modified radical: the breast and the underarm lymph nodes are removed
radical mastectomy (when cancer has spread a lot): entire breasy, the underlying pectoral muscle and the underarm lymph nodes are removed.
pap test
can detect cancer early on
cryotherapy
extreme cold to destroy abnormal cells of cervix cancer
bioposy
segment of the cervic is surgically removed, leaving the cervic largely intact
Hysterectomy
Surgical removal of the uterus
oophorectomy
surgical removal of the ovaries
