Chapter 4 Sex Linked

Question 1

The mixing of genomes via meiosis and fusion of gametes, provides essential genetic variation

Answer 1

Sexual Reproduction

Question 2

A species in which either male or female structures are present in each individual

Answer 2

Dioecious Species

Question 3

A species in which both male and female reproductive structures are present in each individual

Answer 3

Monoecious Species

Question 4

Individuals that contain both male and female sex organs

Answer 4

Hermaphrodites

Question 5

The mechanism by which the sexual phenotype of an individual is established in a given species

Answer 5

Sex Determination

Question 6

A chromosome involved with determining the sex of an individual

Answer 6

Sex Chromosome

Question 7

A chromosome not involved with determining the sex of an individual

Answer 7

Autosome

Question 8

Sex determined at fertilization and is the presence of chromosomes characteristic of each sex

Answer 8

Chromosomal Sex

Question 9

The internal and external morphology of each sex, results from differences in gene expression

Answer 9

Phenotypic Sex

Question 10

The sex-determining system in which females are XX and males are XY, found in many insects, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and some fish

Answer 10

XX-XY System

Question 11

The sex-determining system in which females are ZW and males are ZZ, found in butterflies, birds, some reptiles, some fish, and amphibians

Answer 11

ZZ-ZW System

Question 12

Having sex chromosomes that do not differ in morphology (having two of the same type of sex chromosome)

Answer 12

Homogametic

Question 13

Having sex chromosomes that differ in morphology (having two different kinds of sex chromosomes)

Answer 13

Heterogametic

Question 14

An individual who has one of a chromosome instead of two, often used to refer to X linked traits in males because males only have one X chromosome

Answer 14

Hemizygous

Question 15

The two small regions of homology between the X and Y chromosomes that allow homologous pairing and recombination of the X and Y chromosomes during meiosis, crossing over at these locations can affect the inheritance of sex-linked genes

Answer 15

Pseudoautosomal Regions (PAR1 and PAR2)

Question 16

A single gene on the Y chromosome on which sex determination depends, is a transcription factor needed for male-specific gene expression

Answer 16

SRY Gene

Question 17

A human disorder resulting from aneuploidy of sex chromosomes (XO) and occurs in 1/3000 female births

Answer 17

Turner Syndrome

Question 18

A human disorder resulting from the aneuploidy of sex chromosomes (XXY, XXXY, XXXXY, or XXYY) occurs in 1/1000 male births

Answer 18

Klinefelter Syndrome

Question 19

A condition caused in XY females by mutations in the SRY gene and in XX males by translocations of part of the Y chromosome to an autosome

Answer 19

Sex Reversal

Question 20

A condition found in XY females caused by a mutation in an X linked gene that encodes androgen receptor

Answer 20

Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome

Question 21

A feature of Drosophila that determines the gender based on the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes, flies with an X/A ratio of 1.0 are females, flies with a, X/A ratio of 0.5 are males

Answer 21

X-to-Autosome Ratio (X/A Ratio)