Chapter 3 Mendelian Genetics Flashcards
An organism that is homozygous for all traits being studied
True-Breeding
An inherited factor (region of DNA) that helps determine a characteristic
Gene
One of two or more alternative forms of a locus
Allele
The specific place on a chromosome occupied by an allele
Locus
The set of alleles possessed by an individual organism
Genotype
An individual organism possessing two different alleles at a locus
Heterozygote
An individual organism possessing two of the same alleles at a locus
Homozygote
The appearance or manifestation of a characteristic
Phenotype/Trait
An attribute or feature possessed by an organism
Characteristic
A type of heterozygous individual that is heterozygous for one gene
Monohybrid
A type of heterozygous individual that is heterozygous for two genes
Dihybrid
A type of heterozygous individual that is heterozygous for three genes
Trihybrid
the mating of two members of the F1 generation or between animals that are heterozygous at the same locus
Intercross
Production of offspring from the fusion of male and female gametes from the same individual (many plants and some nematodes)
Selfing
A pair of crosses with the phenotypes of male and female parents reversed, can be used to test for or observe sex-linked inheritance
Reciprocal crosses
Crossing an F1 hybrid back to one of the parental genotypes
Backcross
Crossing an individual with a dominant phenotype (uncertain genotype) to an individual that in homozygous recessive, can help determine the genotype of the uncertain genotype individual
Testcross
The homozygous recessive individual used for a testcross
Tester
The progeny of a testcross
Testcross Progeny
Mendel’s law that states that the two alleles for each trait segregate equally during gamete formation (and there is random fusion of gametes from two different individuals), with a basis in the separation of homologs in meiosis I
Mendel’s 1st Law
Mendel’s law that states that during gamete formation, different pairs of alleles segregate independently of each other, with a basis in the alternative arrangement of homologs during meiosis I
Mendel’s 2nd Law
The probability of two independent events occurring together is the product of their individual probabilities
Product (Multiplication) Rule
The probability of wither of two mutually exclusive events occurring is the sum of their individual probabilities
Sum (Addition) Rule
Probability that involves questions asked after a cross has been made and some of the outcomes can be excluded
Conditional Probability
