Chapter 4 Section 3 and 4 Flashcards
know it all
how many chromosomes are in each human cell
46
how many chromosome pairs are in each cell
23
how many chromosomes are in each sex cell
23
______ are located in chromosomes, chromosomes are located in the _______
genes,nucleous
each cell in the human body has how many genes
20,000-25,000
each gene controls a ______ or many _______
trait,traits
there may be many ______ for one trait
genes
how are genes passed from parent to offspring
sex cells contain half of each parents genes. when the sex cells from each parent join during fertilization the offspring receives a full set of genes.
What is the main function of genes?
Genes control the production of proteins in an organisms cells
Proteins help determine what?
Proteins help determine the size, shape, color and many other traits of an organism.
Chromosomes are composed of?
DNA
What are genes?
Genes are a section of the DNA molecule
DNA is made up of what nitrogen bases?
Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine, Adenine
Why is the sequence of bases important?
The sequence forms a code that determines what type of proteins are produced.
A single gene on a chromesome may contain anywhere from several hundred to million of _________.
Bases
The order of _____________ determine the order in which amino acids are put together for form a protein.
Bases
Through what process do cells make protein?
Protein Synthesis
What happens during protein synthesis?
The cell uses information from a gene on a chromosome to produce a specific protein.
What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?
mRNA copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message to the ribosome in the cytoplasm.
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA)?
tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome which adds them to the growing protein.
Why are proteins made in the cytoplasm?
Because that’s where the ribosomes are.
Why is it important that protein synthesis be so carefully organized and carried out?
It is important because proteins determine many traits of an organism and how that organism functions. If it wasn’t performed carefully, it could cause a mutation or other problems.
What is a mutation?
Any change in a gene or chromosome.
In which type of cell can a mutation be passed on to offspring?
Sex cell, yeah baby!
Some mutations can be ____________, or have no change at all.
helpful
RNA - Ribose
DNA - Deoxiribose
RNA - Single Strand
DNA - Double Strand
RNA - C=G, A=U, T=A, G=C
DNA - A=T, C=G, T=A, G=C
