Chapter 4 Section 3 and 4

Question 1

how many chromosomes are in each human cell

Answer 1

46

Question 2

how many chromosome pairs are in each cell

Answer 2

23

Question 3

how many chromosomes are in each sex cell

Answer 3

23

Question 4

______ are located in chromosomes, chromosomes are located in the _______

Answer 4

genes,nucleous

Question 5

each cell in the human body has how many genes

Answer 5

20,000-25,000

Question 6

each gene controls a ______ or many _______

Answer 6

trait,traits

Question 7

there may be many ______ for one trait

Answer 7

genes

Question 8

how are genes passed from parent to offspring

Answer 8

sex cells contain half of each parents genes. when the sex cells from each parent join during fertilization the offspring receives a full set of genes.

Question 9

What is the main function of genes?

Answer 9

Genes control the production of proteins in an organisms cells

Question 10

Proteins help determine what?

Answer 10

Proteins help determine the size, shape, color and many other traits of an organism.

Question 11

Chromosomes are composed of?

Answer 11

DNA

Question 12

What are genes?

Answer 12

Genes are a section of the DNA molecule

Question 13

DNA is made up of what nitrogen bases?

Answer 13

Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine, Adenine

Question 14

Why is the sequence of bases important?

Answer 14

The sequence forms a code that determines what type of proteins are produced.

Question 15

A single gene on a chromesome may contain anywhere from several hundred to million of _________.

Answer 15

Bases

Question 16

The order of _____________ determine the order in which amino acids are put together for form a protein.

Answer 16

Bases

Question 17

Through what process do cells make protein?

Answer 17

Protein Synthesis

Question 18

What happens during protein synthesis?

Answer 18

The cell uses information from a gene on a chromosome to produce a specific protein.

Question 19

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Answer 19

mRNA copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message to the ribosome in the cytoplasm.

Question 20

What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

Answer 20

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome which adds them to the growing protein.

Question 21

Why are proteins made in the cytoplasm?

Answer 21

Because that’s where the ribosomes are.

Question 22

Why is it important that protein synthesis be so carefully organized and carried out?

Answer 22

It is important because proteins determine many traits of an organism and how that organism functions. If it wasn’t performed carefully, it could cause a mutation or other problems.

Question 23

What is a mutation?

Answer 23

Any change in a gene or chromosome.

Question 24

In which type of cell can a mutation be passed on to offspring?

Answer 24

Sex cell, yeah baby!

Question 25

Some mutations can be ____________, or have no change at all.

Answer 25

helpful

Question 26

RNA - Ribose

Answer 26

DNA - Deoxiribose

Question 27

RNA - Single Strand

Answer 27

DNA - Double Strand

Question 28

RNA - C=G, A=U, T=A, G=C

Answer 28

DNA - A=T, C=G, T=A, G=C