Chapter 4 Section 1 and 2 Flashcards
This priest lived in a European monastery in the 19th century. He tended to a garden that led to a discovery of heredity. He is often called the Father of Genetics. Who is he?
Gregor Mendel
What question did Mendel have about his garden and what observations did he make pertaining to his question?
Mendel wondered why some pea plants had different characteristics. Some grew tall, some grew short. Some grew green seeds, some yellow. Most of the time they were similar to their ____.
Why did Mendel use the pea plant?
pea plants grow quickly, many types available, self pollinate
Draw a pea plant and label its parts
describe the function of each part
anther - contain sperm stamen - contain pollen stigma - opening of the pollen tube style - contains pollen tube ovary- contains egg
explain fertilization in pea plants
egg and sperm join
explain in detail Mendel’s first experiment
draw pictures to help you explain
he had 2 breeding plants (one was purple the other was white). He cross pollinated these 2 plants. This is called the parent generation. to make sure they didn’t self pollinate he removed the anthers from one of the plants. The offspring is called the 1st generation. The trait that appeared most he called the dominant trait (purple). The trait that appeared less or not al tall he called the recessive trait (white).
Mendel cut the antes off of selected plants bc
so they have to cross pollinate
what is meant by purebred and give 2 examples of a purebred pea plant.
an offspring of many generations that have the same trait.
another name for the p generation is the
parent
explain what is meant by the terms cross pollination and self pollination
a self pollinating plant has both male and female reproductive structures on one plant. The anthers (male) can fertilize the ovary (female) through the stigma. Self pollinating plants are true /pure bred ___ plants. Cross pollination - pollen form 1 plant fertilizes the ovary of a flower on another plant by way of wind or insect, etc.
What did mendel find when he crossed purebred short plants with purebred tall plants?
all offspring were tall dominant
when mendel crossed the offspring (F1 generation) with one another, was the trait for shortness lost? Explain.
No. Some of the offspring were tall and some were short.
Explain in detail Mendel’s 2nd experiment.
Mendel allowed the first generation pants from the first experiments to self pollinate (purple). The recessive train appeared 1 out of 4 offspring. he got 3 purple and 1 white each time offspring called the 2nd generation plants. Mendel discovered that each offspring had 2 sets of instructions - each parent donates one set.
Through Mendel’s experiments what confusions did he come to?
he said that the individual factors or sets of genetic information must control the inheritance of traits in peas. These factors that control each trait come in pairs - one from each parent. 1 factor can hide the other.
If a trait is dominant what does this mean. show the different ways it is presented
a trait that shows up in the organism when the allele is dominant TT tt
