Chapter 4 review

Question 1

What are the three components of the Cytoskeleton?

Answer 1

Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules

Question 2

What are microfilaments?

Answer 2

Made of actin, and is usually found in bundles, microfilaments help the entire cell or parts of a cell to move. They determine and stabilize the shape of the cell.

Question 3

What is unidirectional?

Answer 3

has positive and negative directions

Question 4

What is cytoplasmic streaming?

Answer 4

bulk movement of the cytoplasm

Question 5

What are the two major structural functions of the intermediate filaments?

Answer 5

1) anchors cell structure in place

2) resist tension (negative pressure)

Question 6

What is the largest component of the cytoskeletal system?

Answer 6

Microtubules

Question 7

What is the main role of microtubules?

Answer 7

To act as the framework for motor proteins to carry/move structures within the cell.

Question 8

Microtubules are made up what two types of tubulin proteins?

Answer 8

Alpha and Beta tubulin proteins

Question 9

What are the two internal structure components of microtubules?

Answer 9

Cilla (short tails)

Flagella (Long tails)

Question 10

What is the ross-section pattern o microtubules?

Answer 10

9+2

9 pairs and 2 singles in the center

Question 11

What is responsible for moving vesicles along a microtubule?

Answer 11

motor protein

Question 12

Finish the phrase: Statistical correlation does not give cause and effect, _______

Answer 12

inhibit and mutate are the 2 manipulative approaches commonly used in cell biology

Question 13

A plant’s cell wall is an example of:

Answer 13

extracellular structure

Question 14

What is the cell wall?

Answer 14

only found in plants and some bacteria, the cell wall is made up of cellulose and is responsible for maintaining the cell’s shape

Question 15

Plasmodesmata only occurs in _____.

Answer 15

plants

Question 16

Define Plasmodesmata:

Answer 16

a complete channel that joins tubes and connect cytoplasm directly to another cell, allowing plant cell interaction/communication.

Question 17

Unlike plants that have a Cell Wall, Animal cells have an:

Answer 17

extracellular matrix

Question 18

Define Extracellular Matrix in an animal cell:

Answer 18

Supports tissue function and holds cells together, helps filter materials passing between different tissues.

Question 19

During embryonic development and tissue repair, what helps orient the cell’s movements?

Answer 19

Extracellular Matrix

Question 20

What are the three types of Cell junctions?

Answer 20

Tight Junctions
Desmosomes
Gap Junctions

Question 21

Define Tight Junction:

Answer 21

where one cell comes together and stops the movement of dissolved materials.

form a “quilted seal”

Question 22

Define Desmosomes:

Answer 22

adjacently linked cells that allow some material to pass through the intercellular space

*anchors cells down

Question 23

Define Gap Junction:

Answer 23

allows direct movement of cytoplasm

*similar to the plasmodesmata