Chapter 2 BIOPORTAL (PT1) Flashcards
Acids have a pH __________ than 7.
Less
The sulfhydryl functional group is found in the class of compounds known as
thiols.
Multiple atoms linked together are called:
a molecule.
Water molecules form which type of bond with other water molecules?
Hydrogen bonds
Which of the following properties is a result of hydrogen bonding between water molecules?
the ability of ice to float in water
high specific heat
the ability to dissolve polar substances
high surface tension
what is the smallest form an element can take?
a single atom
When transporting water up to the top of giant trees, which feature allows water molecules to pull up adjacent water molecules to which they have bonded?
cohesion.
The hydroxyl functional group is found in the class of compounds known as
alcohols.
Energy used in cellular respiration can originate from
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Acetic acid is an important example of a class of compounds known as
carboxylic acids.
The four most abundant elements in living organisms are:
hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon
The chemical characteristics of an atom depend upon which of the following?
the number of electrons in the outermost shell
In an uncharged atom, the number of protons and ___________ must be equal.
electrons
Carbon, is considered versatile when it comes to bonding with other atoms and making important compounds. Which feature of carbon most contributes to this versatility?
carbon can share its four outermost electrons with other atoms
The atomic number of an element is:
the number of protons in the nucleus of one atom.
Just four elements make up more than 96% of the human body. These include:
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen
Which of the following are all monosaccharides?
glucose, fructose, and galactose
Water can absorb and store a large amount of heat while increasing only a few degrees in temperature because
the heat must first be used to break the hydrogen bonds rather than raise the temperature.
A covalent bond is formed when:
two atoms share electrons.
Evaporation from the leaves of a tree will pull water up through the roots as an unbroken column throughout the entire height of the tree. This feat is possible because of which characteristic(s) of water?
cohesion
All macromolecules important in living systems contain:
Carbon
The most effective way to reduce the risk of _______ is to limit our intake of ___________ .
heart disease, saturated fats
An substance similar to table salt, called magnesium chloride, separates into positively charged magnesium ions and negatively charged chloride ions when placed in water. If one were to look at the magnesium ions dissolved in the water, what would you see?
The magnesium ions would be surrounded by water molecules with their oxygen atoms facing the magnesiums.
Pure water and aqueous solutions that are neither acidic nor basic are said to be:
neutral.
