Functional Groups Flashcards
What functional group is represented by OH?
Hydroxl group, when added, this group turns that section where it was added into a hydrophillic section
makes polar, dissolves in water
Aldehyde and Keto turns things polar. What is significant about these groups?
they have double bonded O
What is COOH?
Carboxyl
Carboxyl groups that are add, turn the molecule into an ____?
acid
The Amino group is signified by ____
NHH and when added turns component into a base
What does an amino group do?
reduces the hydrogen concentration while becoming positively charged.
What is the Phosphate group known for?
it is involved with energy transfer
CH3 is__
a methyl group which makes it nonpolar
What are the 4 macro-molecules?
proteins
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Adding a Carboxyl group turns the molecule into an ____.
Acid
Adding a NHH and a COOH produces an _______ which is essential for building proteins.
amino acid
Glucose and Fructose is an example of _______, which is an isomer of C6H12O6
Hexose, meaning 6 Carbon and the only difference is the placement of the Carbon.
CH2O is known as what macro-molecule?
Carbohydrate
Define condensation:
water is given off/removed forming a covalent bond between monomers
Define Hydrolysis:
Using a molecule to split water, breaking the covalent bond between monomers.
Define glycosidic linkage:
specific kind of covalent bond, that is only found in carbohydrates
Plants store energy in the form of?
*hint amylase is the enzyme the digests it
Starch is energy stored in plants.
Humans store energy in the form of?
Glycogen
The monomer glycerol, is added to 3 fatty acid chains to form
Lipids
A lipid that is linked by three water molecules is a:
triglyceride
A saturated lipid(fat) that is only found with single bonds and is very flexible, and every place a H can be there is one. This is known as a _______.
*hint- tends to be animal fat
Palmitic Acid
An unsaturated, doubled bonded, fat, that cannot be folded and is found only in one shape usually with a bend(kink) in it, is a liquid at room temperature; What am I?
Linoleic
A lipid with a phosphate group attached to it is known as a ________ . This has a hydrophillic head (polar) and a hydrophobic tail (non-polar)
phospholipid
A _______, has the phosphate heads pointed outward, which creates a hydrophobic area inside the cell membrane.
Phospholipid Bilayer
