Chapter 4 Research Strategies

Question 1

A researcher _______ a strategy and ________ a design

Answer 1

devises a strategy and implements a design

Question 2

The structure of descriptive research design is similar to the experimental design but the main difference is ?

Answer 2

the manipulability of the independent variables

Question 3

The research design serves to unite the ________, _________, and _____________

Answer 3

the research questions, the supporting evidence, and conclusions of the study.

Question 4

Define research strategy

Answer 4

General plan of attack

-quantitative or qualitative

Question 5

Define research design

Answer 5

Specific set of tactics to carry out the strategy

A few examples?

• Group
• Single-Subject
• Participatory
• Non-Participatory
• Mixed

Question 6

Two major classes of research designs are?

Answer 6

group and single-subject design

Question 7

what are types quantitative design?

Answer 7

group and single subject design

Question 8

what are types of qualitative design?

Answer 8

participatory, non participatory, many others

Question 9

Mixed designs are ?

Answer 9

quantitative and qualitative designs

Question 10

What is an aside design?

Answer 10

not uncommon: purported “mixed design” includes quantitative design and anecdotal information

Question 11

Under what circumstances would you prefer group design over single-subject design?

Answer 11

Depend on your RQ, generalization, outside factors

Question 12

Explain group design

Answer 12

1 or more groups of participants are exposed to 1 or more levels of the IV

Average performance of the group of participants on the DV is examined to determine the relationship between the IV and DV

gathers quantitative data from a group of subjects to determine a cause-effect relationship or descriptive association between variables

Question 13

Explain Single-Subject design

Answer 13

Focus on the behavior of the individual participants, rather than the average group performance

Analyze the factors that contribute to their success of failure of the treatment

May examine the behavior of more than 1 participants, but the data obtained from each participant is examined individually

Question 14

Quantitative Research Design

Control _________ so one possible answer remains.

Answer 14

extraneous variables through internal and external validity

Question 15

What is internal validity?

Answer 15

Answers the research question and provides evidence by controlling variance enough to provide a clear picture of the relationship between the IV and DV

Question 16

What is external validity?

Answer 16

degree that generalizations can be made or transferred outside of the confines of the study

Question 17

What are some group research designs?

Answer 17

between-subjects design
within-subjects design
mixed design

Question 18

T/F Experimental design is concerned with the manipulation of an active independent variable and the measurement of it’s quantifiable effects on the dependent variable

Answer 18

True

Question 19

vs. descriptive research design focuses on the selection of levels of an ______ IV and the measurement of the DV to asses differences of dev trends in the DV

Answer 19

attribute IV

Question 20

Define between-subject design

Answer 20

the performances of separate groups of subjects are measured and comparisons are made between the groups.

Different groups of subjects are exposed to different treatments or levels of the IV

Question 21

What are the characteristics of between-subjects design ?

Answer 21

IV applied to experimental group but not control group

Need equivalence of both groups

Random assignment to groups (best for large groups)

Subject matching (match members of two groups)

Question 22

T/F between subjects can be bivalent, multivalent, or parametric

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is bivalent?

Answer 23

Bivalent: one experimental group is compared to one control group to study the effect of the presence vs the absence of treatment

Question 24

what is multivalent?

Answer 24

each of several experimental groups is exposed to a different value of the independent variable, such as length of session or duration of treatment, and the control group receives no treatment

Question 25

what is parametric?

Answer 25

several groups can receive different values of the different IV in different combinations and can also be compared to a control group that receives no treatment

Question 26

A major consideration in the eval of the design of between subjects experiments is the _______ of the exp and control groups

Answer 26

equivalence

Question 27

What is subject matching?

Answer 27

a technique for attempting to equate experimental and control groups in between subjects experimental designs

it attempts to match the members of the two groups on all extraneous variables considered relevant to the experiment.

Question 28

What is group equivalence?

Answer 28

equivalence between the experimental and control subjects in all respects except for the varied distribution of the IV within these groups.

Question 29

What are two techniques use d to attempt to equate experimental and control groups?

Answer 29

randomization and matching

Question 30

what is subject randomization?

Answer 30

the assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups on a random basis

ensures each subjects has an equal probability of being assigned either to the experimental or control group