Chapter 4: Pursuing Accomplishment Through Character Development

Question 1

an achievement

Answer 1

accomplishment

Question 2

80% of the benefit comes from doing 20% of the work (i.e. focus first on high priority tasks)

Answer 2

Pareto Principle (80/20 Rule)

Question 3

Refreshing yourself by taking a short nap for an energy boost

Answer 3

Power nap

Question 4

This principle states that if two behaviors differ in their likelihood of occurrence, the less likely behavior can be reinforced by using the more likely behavior as a reward

Answer 4

Premack Principle

Question 5

The phenomenon in which old learning inhibits retention of new material

Answer 5

proactive interference

Question 6

when important tasks or responsibilities are left undone or are completed in a careless manner because inadequate time was left to complete the task properly

Answer 6

procrastination

Question 7

the phenomenon in which new learning interferes with previous learning

Answer 7

retroactive interference

Question 8

the ability to defer gratification

Answer 8

Self-control

Question 9

involves being so anxious or phobic about taking a test that it can interfere with test performance

Answer 9

test anxiety

Question 10

developing test sophistication. It involves learning strategies for guessing that can help increase the likelihood of picking the right answer, particularly on multiple choice exams

Answer 10

testwiseness

Question 11

the skills and know-how to follow through and complete a plan of action

Answer 11

volition

Question 12

A study technique involving thinking about what you just read and imagining how you can connect it to your life.

Answer 12

Deep processing

Question 13

The ability to wait for reinforcements until a later time which represents the opposite of low frustration tolerance

Answer 13

Defer gratification

Question 14

A study technique involving paraphrasing material you study, taking this information and putting it in your own words as if you were teaching it to another person; very effective for facilitating memory and recall

Answer 14

Elaborative rehearsal

Question 15

Of the brain, located in the prefrontal cortex, include planning judgment, focus, screening out distractions, organizing, using and integrating new information and inhibiting thoughts and actions.

Answer 15

Executive functions

Question 16

The combination of exceptional passion and perseverance to achieve a goal.

Answer 16

Grit

Question 17

Having or gathering too much information which inhabits decision making.

Answer 17

Information overload

Question 18

The inability or difficulty with accepting the fact that in order to receive future rewards you often need to undertake present discomfort.

Answer 18

Low frustration tolerance

Question 19

Technique used to aid in memory which work by making material more meaningful by adding a structure, such as making it into a song or rhyme, or linking it with other entrenched memories like the letters of the alphabet

Answer 19

Mnemonics

Question 20

The investment of energy and effort toward the meeting of some need or achieving a goal.

Answer 20

Motivation