Chapter 4 | Physiography of Lakes and Reservoir (Lake Formation & Origin) Flashcards
an aquatic ecosystem in which the
water is still and not rapidly moving
Lentic environment
Lentic environments includes?
lakes, ponds, and wetlands
a body of water that is surrounded by land.
*Lake
has a smaller surface area than lakes
*Pond
the water is in photic zone
*Pond
a distinct ecosystem that is flooded by water,
either permanently or seasonally, where oxygen-free processes prevail.
*Wetland
a slowly flowing open body of water in a depression of ground
Lake
Classification of lakes can be according to?
- Water Retention
- Origin & Formation
- Trophic Level
- Mixing of Water
are common where more precipitation occurs and where geology allows for formation of water-
retaining basins
Permanent lakes
lakes that are dry for part of the year
Intermittent lakes
Classification of lakes according to Origin and Formation
- Tectonic lakes
- Salt lakes
- Oxbow lakes
- Crater lakes
- Sinkhole lakes
- Glacial lakes
- Artificial lakes
are formed due to tectonic uplift of a
mountain range. These actions can
create bowl-shaped depressions that
accumulate water and form lakes.
Tectonic lakes
are tectonic lakes formed
where multiple faults allow a block to
slip down and form a depression.
Graben lakes
are formed when blocks tilt
and leave a depression that can be filled
by water.
Horst lakes
form when the water flowing into
the lake, containing salt or minerals,
cannot leave because the lake is
endorheic (terminal).
Salt lakes
are small, crescent-shaped lakes formed
along the meandering river courses. The
slow-moving river forms a sinuous
horseshoe bend like water body which is
detached from the river through a
narrow neck.
Oxbow lakes
This forms a bow-shaped
lake.
Oxbow lakes
are formed due to volcanic craters.
Crater Lakes
are common where the rock
below the land surface is limestone or
other carbonate rock, salt beds, or in
other soluble rocks, such as gypsum,
that can be dissolved naturally by
circulating ground water.
Sinkhole Lakes
forms where the accumulation
of snow exceeds its ablation (melting
and sublimation) over many years.
Glacial Lakes
form only on land and are distinct from the
much thinner sea ice and lake ice that
form on the surface of bodies of water
Glaciers
HUMAN RESERVOIR OR MAN-MADE LAKES
Artificial Lakes
usually constructed by
using a dam to divert a portion of a river to
store the water within a reservoir.
Man-made lakes
also formed through excavating
land or with the use of dykes surrounding
the water.
Artificial Lakes
These lakes are also called caldera lakes, maar lakes or crater lakes.
VOLCANIC LAKES
