Chapter 2 | Properties of Water Flashcards

1
Q

one of the most important things
on earth.

A

Water

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2
Q

Without water, there could be
no traces of life on earth because both
__________and ____________
depend on the availability of water.

A

photosynthesis; animal metabolism

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3
Q

___________properties of water not
only return the water from the
atmosphere but also affect the
concentration and composition of the
remaining water and thus its sustainability
to the biota.

A

evaporative

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4
Q

In return, the water that returns to the
atmosphere has a major effect on the
climate by its effect on _____________

A

atmospheric heat transfer

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5
Q

It also determine the time lags
exhibited in heating and cooling that affect
the stratification of lakes.

A

physical characteristics of water

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6
Q

responsible for the existence of aquatic
systems

A

physical characteristics of water

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7
Q

a simple molecule composed of
two positively charged hydrogen atoms
and a negatively charged oxygen atom that
are covalently bonded.

A

Water

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8
Q

Molecules of the water

A

two positively charged hydrogen atoms
and a negatively charged oxygen atom that
are covalently bonded.

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8
Q

Molecules of the water

A

two positively charged hydrogen atoms
and a negatively charged oxygen atom that
are covalently bonded.

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9
Q

it dictates how water
interacts with other molecules.

A

polarity

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10
Q

the charge differential of water

A

polarity

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11
Q

the measure of mass per volume.

A

Density

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12
Q

d=m/v

A

The average density of an object equals its
total mass divided by its total volume.

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13
Q

The density of
water

A

about 775 times greater than the air

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14
Q

they do not need strong stems or skeletons
required on land.

A

large aquatic organisms

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15
Q

reason for frequent cracking of expanding lake ice

A

due to expansion of the water surface upon freezing

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16
Q

This plays an important role in the mechanical breakdown of rock.

A

“physical weathering”

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17
Q

Periodic freezing and thawing is effective in shattering rock and exposes more rock surface to dissolution

A

“biological/ chemical weathering”

18
Q

measure of liquid’s resistance
to flow and is responsible for the frictional resistance or viscous drag that water offers to swimming fish or sinking algae.

A

Dynamic viscosity

19
Q

The reciprocal of viscosity

A

“fluidity”

20
Q

a measure of ease of flow

21
Q

it plays a very important role in
temperature regulation.

22
Q

The characteristic of water to attract to
other substances.

23
Q

The characteristic of water to attract to
another water molecule.

24
This allows the development of surface tension.
Cohesion
25
water has a great strength on its surface film.
Surface Tension
26
it permits surface-living insects to walk on water and light-weight debris, like pollen, to float, resulting in accumulations of wind- or current-derived particulate matter in the surface film of lakes and seas.
Surface Tension
27
Why is that Water is a good solvent for inorganic and polar organic molecules?
because it has high pole dipole moment with positively-charged hydrogen atoms of each molecule and the oxygen atom negatively charged.
28
Allows lake stratification, and surface freezing rather than bottom freezing
Density
29
Allows water to exist as liquid
Melting and Boiling Points
30
Influences the case of water mixing, provides resistance to the movement of organisms, and helps determine the sedimentation rate of particles
Viscosity
31
Moderates (buffers) temperature extremes
Specific Heat or Heat capacity
32
Important to heat transfer in inland water and atmosphere
Heat of Vaporization
33
Increase the difficulty of surface waves breaking and thereby slowing the rate of heating and cooling in lakes, allows certain insects to walk on water surfaces
Surface Tension
34
Allows greater heat absorption in the surface water, but reduced surface absorption at shorter wavelengths, allowing a greater penetration of photosynthetically available radiation
Absorption or Radiation
35
Important in dissolution and transport of dissolved substances from catchments and the atmosphere to aquatic systems
Solvent Properties
36
Why do dead fish generally sink faster than bacteria, even they have approximately same density?
37
What will happen if you drop a needle on a glass of water vertically? What if horizontally? Why did it happen?
38
What could be the dangerous effects to the aquatic life of too much viscosity of water in lakes?
39
What does it create when the positively charged hydrogens bind to the oxygen?
Asymmetrical molecule. positive charge on one side and negative charge on the other side
40
Result of the high specific heat of water
Protect the biota from overheating and Prevent rapid loss of water
41
Heat or energy needed to break hydrogen bonds allowing liquid water to become water vapour
Heat of evaporation/ heat of vaporization
42
What drives the water cycle?
Heat of vaporization and condensation