Chapter 3 | Basics of Freshwater Ecosystem and Physiography of Flowing Water

Question 1

the organisms (biotic) and the non-living (abiotic)
environment they inhabit.

Answer 1

freshwater or aquatic ecosystem

Question 2

is defined by the drainage or
catchment basin in which it exists.

Answer 2

freshwater ecosystem—whether it be a pond,
lake, stream, or river

Question 3

USEPA

Answer 3

United States Environmental Protection Agency

Question 4

a geographic area in which water,
sediments, and dissolved materials drain into a common
outlet

Answer 4

drainage basin

Question 5

How can a drainage basin be identified?

Answer 5

by tracing a line along the highest elevations between two areas on a map, often a ridge

Question 6

it causes streams on either side to
flow in different directions.

Answer 6

topographic dividing line or ridge

Question 7

defines the physical transport of
water, sediment, and dissolved minerals into the common outlet,

Answer 7

drainage basin

Question 8

a term that defines a complex system of components that affect water bodies in a given drainage basin

Answer 8

watershed

Question 9

What is the dividing line between two drainage basins?

Answer 9

the Highest point of land between them

Question 10

It slows the flow of water over land

Answer 10

Natural areas like forests and vegetation

Question 11

It filters some impurities and decreased erosion

Answer 11

Forests and vegetation

Question 12

Two general categories of freshwater ecosystem

Answer 12

Lotic and Lentic

Question 13

Running water

Answer 13

Lotic

Question 14

Standing water

Answer 14

Lentic

Question 15

Has a one direction of Flow, upstream or downstream

Answer 15

Lotic

Question 16

Has various flow, no particular direction

Answer 16

Lentic

Question 17

Has rich in oxygen

Answer 17

Lotic

Question 18

Oxygen depletion exists at times in deeper water

Answer 18

Lentic

Question 19

Streams that have no tributaries flowing into them

Answer 19

First-order stream or headwater streams

Question 20

A first-order stream joined by another first-order stream

Answer 20

Second-order stream

Question 21

They are primarily characterized by flow

Answer 21

Streams and rivers

Question 22

3 main types of streams

Answer 22

Perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral

Question 23

Streams and rivers that flow year-round

Answer 23

Perennial

Question 24

Streams and rivers that become dry for a period of a week or longer each year

Answer 24

Intermittent

Question 25

Intermittent streams that regularly exist for only a short period of time are classified as ___________

Answer 25

Ephemeral streams

Question 26

An important factor that allows some streams to maintain flow during dry weather

Answer 26

Water table

Question 27

A subsurface zone

Answer 27

Aquifers

Question 28

What does aquifers store?

Answer 28

Groundwater

Question 29

The upper area near the surface of the aquifer

Answer 29

Water table

Question 30

When the water table is at or very close to the surface of the earth

Answer 30

Gaining stream

Question 31

When the water table falls below the stream channel

Answer 31

Losing stream

Question 32

2 Lotic habitats

Answer 32

1. Lotic erosional 2. Lotic depositional

Question 33

Characterized by fast-running water

Answer 33

Lotic erosional

Question 34

Characterized by areas of slow-moving water

Answer 34

Lotic depositional

Question 35

This is the bend created when changing terrain alters the course of a river or stream

Answer 35

Meanders

Question 36

it moves over time through the process of erosion and deposition

Answer 36

Meanders

Question 37

Characteristic of the flow of the lotic erosional: fast-moving , turbulent water

Answer 37

Riffle

Question 38

Characteristic of the flow of the lotic erosional: fast-moving, non-turbulent water

Answer 38

Run

Question 39

Characteristic of the flow of the lotic erosional: slow-moving water

Answer 39

Glide

Question 40

Relatively deep and wide with slow moving water compared to riffles, runs, or glide

Answer 40

Lotic depositional

Question 41

is the outer bank where flow velocities and bank erosion are high

Answer 41

Erosional zone

Question 42

are intermediate habitat types that fall between riffles and pools

Answer 42

Glides and runs

Question 43

referred to as laminar, similar to that in a shallow canal

Answer 43

Glide

Question 44

important habitats for many aquatic insects and small fish that require flowing water for feeding and high oxygen levels

Answer 44

Riffle areas

Question 45

refers to the inner bank of a stream where velocity is at a minimum

Answer 45

Depositional zone

Question 46

relatively deep and wide with slow-moving water compared to riffle, run, or glide areas

Answer 46

Pool

Question 47

currents that move in a direction other than downstream, usually in a circular motion

Answer 47

Eddies

Question 48

often contain large eddies

Answer 48

Pool

Question 49

a vegetated buffet between nearby lands and a stream or river

Answer 49

Riparian Zone

Question 50

include pools, riffles, root mats, aquatic plants, undercut banks, submerged rocks and logs, overchanging vegetation, and leaf litter.

Answer 50

In-stream habitats

Question 51

Low diversity of aquatic life is often caused by poor?

Answer 51

Poor quality of in-stream habitats rather than poor water quality