Chapter 4: Personality and Values Flashcards
is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to , and interacts with others –described in terms of measurable.
Personality
is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment.
Personality
Measuring Personality through
Self-reports survey
such as evaluating themselves on a series of factors, which is inaccurate due to falsehoods, impression management, or the momentary emotional state of the candidate.
Self-reports survey
are characteristics that describe an individual’s behavior that are exhibited in a large number of situations
Personality traits
refers to factors determined at conception – physical structure, facial attractiveness, gender, temperament, muscle composition and reflexes, energy level, and biological rhythms
Heredity
As people grow older, their personalities change
Aging and personality.
This is the widely used instrument to determine personality type.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Four Classification of Scales
- Extraverted vs. Introverted (E or I).
- Sensing vs. Intuitive (S or N).
- Thinking vs. Feeling (T or F).
- Judging vs. Perceiving (J or P).
___________ people are quiet and shy.
Introvert
__________ people are more outgoing, social and assertive while
extrovert
_________ individuals are practical, enjoy order and are detail oriented.
Sensing
__________ people are more “big picture” oriented and rely on “gut” feelings.
Intuitive
___________ use reason and logic
Thinkers
__________ use emotions and their own personal values when making decisions.
feelers
_________ are control-oriented and enjoy structure and order.
Judgers
__________ are more flexible and spontaneous.
Perceivers
The Big Five Model
- Extraversion
- Agreeableness.
- Conscientiousness
- Emotional Stability (or Neuroticism –its opposite).
- Openness to Experience
Deals with the comfort level with relationships.
Extraversion
The person is more gregarious, assertive, and sociable and the opposite is an introvert who tends to be reserved, timid and quiet.
Extraversion
Measures reliability.
Conscientiousness.
The person is more cooperative, warm, and trusting and the opposite is cold, disagreeable and antagonistic.
Agreeableness.
Measures ability to handle stress
Emotional Stability (or Neuroticism –its opposite).
The person is responsible, organized, dependable and persistent. The opposite is easily distracted, disorganized and unreliable.
Conscientiousness.
Measures deference towards others.
Agreeableness.
Measures the range of interest and fascination with novelty, a proxy for creativity.
Openness to Experience
People with high emotional stability tend to become, self-confident, and secure and often have higher life and job satisfaction. People with low emotional stability tend to be nervous, anxious, depressed and insecure
Emotional Stability (or Neuroticism –its opposite).
Yet, surprisingly low-scoring people make better and faster decisions when in bad mood than do stable people
Emotional Stability (or Neuroticism –its opposite).
People who score low on this factor deal better with organizational change and are more adaptable.
Openness to Experience
People who scored high on _______________ are found to be more persistent, attention to details and sets high standards. They are the performers in the organizations.
conscientiousness exam
People who score high on __________________ are happier.
emotional stability
__________ have relatively strong predictor of leadership. One downside is they are more impulsive.
Extraverts
Those who scored high in ________ are more creative. __________ are more likely to be effective leaders.
openness ; Open people
___________ people tend to be better in interpersonal oriented jobs such as customer service but they are poor negotiator (especially earnings) because they are so concerned with pleasing others that they often don’t negotiate as much for themselves as they might.
Agreeable
Other Personality Traits Relevant to OB
- Core Self-Evaluation
- Machiavellianism
- Narcissism
- Self-Monitoring
- Risk-Taking
- Type A Personality
- Type B Personality
- Proactive Personality
___________ represent basic convictions that “a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence.”
Values
___________ lay the foundation for understanding people’s attitudes, motivation, and behavior.
Values
Values Classification
- Terminal values
- Instrumental values
focuses on desirable end-states; goals a person would like to achieve.
Terminal values
lists preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving terminal values
Instrumental values
Linking Personality and Values to the Workplace
- Person-Job Fit
- Person-Organization Fit
Two main frameworks can be used to assess cultures
- Hofstede’s framework
- GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness)
The degree to which people accept that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally.
Power Distance.
Hofstede’s framework examines five value dimensions of national culture.
- Power Distance.
- Masculinity/Feminity
- Individualism/collectivism
- Uncertainty Avoidance
- Long-Term / Short-Term Orientation
The value a culture places on traditional gender roles.
Masculinity/Feminity.
Degree of long-term devotion to traditional values.
Long-Term / Short-Term Orientation
The amount of emphasis placed on the individual as opposed to the group.
Individualism/collectivism
The degree to which people in a culture prefer structured over unstructured situation
Uncertainty Avoidance
The GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness) framework uses nine dimensions of national culture.
- Assertiveness
- Future Orientation
- Gender Differentiation
- Uncertainty Avoidance
- Power Distance
- Individualism/Collectivism
- In-Group Collectivism
- Performance Orientation
- Humane Orientation
strongly influence attitudes, behaviors and perceptions, so knowing a person’s values may help improve prediction of behavior.
Values
