Chapter 4 - Organising Animals and Plants

Question 1

State the 4 components of the blood [4]

Answer 1

White blood cells [1]
Red blood cells [1]
Platelets [1]
Plasma [1]

Question 2

What is the function of plasma?

Answer 2

Transports blood cells and other substances around the body.

Question 3

Describe the structure and function of the red blood cell. [4]

Answer 3

Structure:

• Biconcave discs [1]
• Contains haemoglobin [1]
• No nucleus [1]

Function:
- To bind w/ haemoglobin and transport it to tissues. [1]

Question 4

State the function of White Blood cells. [1]

Answer 4

Helps to protect the body against infection. [1]

Question 5

What is the function of the platelets?

Answer 5

They clot wounds to prevent blood loss from injuries. [1]

Question 6

Describe the structure and function of the arteries. [3]

Answer 6

Function:
- Carry blood away from the heart to organs. [1]

Structure:

• Contain thick walls. [1]
• Small internal diameter. [1]

Question 7

Describe the structure and function of the veins. [4]

Answer 7

Function:
- Carry blood away from organs to the heart. [1]

Structure:

• Thin walls and contain valves. [1]
• Small internal diameter [1]
• 1 cell thick [1]

Question 8

Describe the structure and function of the capillaries. [3]

Answer 8

Function:
- Allows diffusion of substances. [1]

Structure:

• 1 cell thick for diffusion [1]
• Small internal diameter[1]

Question 9

Describe the path the blood takes throughout the heart. [6]

Answer 9

Vena cava
Into right atrium
Into right ventricle
Out of pulmonary artery towards lungs
Into pulmonary vein
Into left atrium
Into left ventricle
Out through aorta

Question 10

Name 2 things that doctors could use to treat someone with coronary heart disease.

Answer 10

Statins

Stents

Question 11

Name 3 ways that a faulty heart could be treated.

Answer 11

• Valve replacement
• Artificial pacemakers
• Artificial hearts

Question 12

Describe what an artificial pacemaker is and where it is located.

Answer 12

A device which uses electrical impulses to correct irregularities in the hearts rhythm.
It is located in the right atrium.

Question 13

How is the alveoli adapted for efficient gas exchange?

Answer 13

• Steep diffusion gradient
• Very thin walls for easier diffusion
• Spherical shape gives large surface area
• Good blood supply

Question 14

Define gaseous exchange.

Answer 14

When oxygen reaches respiring cells and waste products are removed.

Question 15

Define translocation.

Answer 15

Movement of dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

Question 16

What is the role of the xylem tissue?

Answer 16

Transport water and mineral ions from the roots to the leaves.

Question 17

What is the role of the Phloem tissue?

Answer 17

Transport dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant (translocation).

Question 18

What are stomata and what is their role in the plant?

Answer 18

Stomata - A small opening on the leaf surface.

The stomata controls gas exchange and water loss.

Question 19

What are stomata and what is their role in the plant?

Answer 19

Stomata - A small opening on the leaf surface.

The stomata controls gas exchange and water loss.

Question 20

Define transpiration.

Answer 20

Loss of water vapour through the leaf surface.

Question 21

Give 4 factors which increase the rate of transpiration.

Answer 21

• Temperature
• Humidity
• Air flow
• Light intensity