Chapter 4: Nursing's Pathway to Professionalism

Question 1

2011: IOM: The Fiuture of Nursing: Leading Change

Answer 1

1. Nurses must practice to the fullest extent of three education and training
2. Nurses should attain higher education levels through a system of improved education with seamless progression across degrees.
3. As health care in the U.S. is being transformed, nurses should be full partners with other health care professionals in this effort.
4. Improved data collection and info infrastructure can resiult in more effective workforce planning and policy development.

Question 2

Recommendations of Early Studies of Nursing Education

Answer 2

1. Nursing education programs should be established within the system of higher education
2. Nurses should be highly educated
3. Students should not be used to staff hospitals
4. Standards should ne established for nursing practice
5. All students should meet certain minimum qualifications on graduation.

Question 3

Educational Paths to Become a RN

Answer 3

Diploma programs
Associate degree programs
Baccalaureate programs

Question 4

BSN programs

Answer 4

1. Nurses need a bachelor’s degree to qualify nursing as a recognized profession and to provide leadership in administration, teaching, and public health.
2. 1909: First BSN program in University of Minnesota
3. 1919: Seven BSN programs. Most BSN programs were 5 years in duration.
4. Growth was slow bc of: the reluctance of universities to accept nursing as an academic discipline. The power of the hospital-based diploma programs.

Question 5

Characteristics of Pre-licensure Baccalaureate Programs:

Answer 5

4-year program. General education + nursing courses. Facility qualifications - minimum of master’s degree. BSN graduates are eligible to take licensure exams, prepared to move into graduate programs and advanced practice certification programs. 2008 AACN. The essentials of Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing Practice.

Question 6

Diploma and ADN nurses are given credits to meet certain BSN requirements. Transfer of general education courses. Options for advanced placement.
Programs for 2nd-degree students: accelerated or fast-tract sequence to award a second bachelor’s degree or in some cases MSN.

Answer 6

RN-to-BSN Education:

Question 7

Accreditation: Ensuring Quality Education:

Answer 7

Accreditation: voluntary review process

Compares the quality of the program with established criteria.

It derives authority from the US Department of Education

Two agencies: accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) & Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE).

Question 8

Advanced Degrees in Nursing: Master’s Education

Answer 8

1. Entrance requirements
2. Duration of the program
3. Curriculum
4. Major areas of role preparation: Administration, case management, informatics, health policy/health care systems, teacher education, clinical nurse specialist, NP, nurse-midwifery, nurse anesthesia, and other clinical and non-clinical areas of study.
5. Common graduate degrees

Question 9

Current Status of Doctoral Education in Nursing:

Answer 9

PhD: research-focuses doctorate and DSN and DSNc - doctor of nursing science

Oct. 2004: AACN called a new doctorate, DPN
DPN and the shortage of primary care physicians

Question 10

Certification and CNE: Validating Knowledge and Proficiency

Answer 10

1. License
2. Certification
   -Benefits of being a certified nurse
   -ANCC and standardized certification
   -Requirements
3. Contact hours
4. Mandatory continuing education

Question 11

Why Define Nursing?

Answer 11

A definition establishes the parameters (or boundaries) of the profession and clarifies the purpose and functions of the work of nursing.

A definition guides the educational preparation of aspiring practitioners and guides nursing research and theory development.

A clear definition makes the work of nursing visible and valuable to the public and to policy makers who determine e when, where, and how nurses can practice.

Question 12

Structural conditions are this in which one’s professional role is shaped by rules. Cultural conditions are those in which traditions, symbols, language, and other idea systems in a society are at work in shaping how one becomes a fully socialized professional nurse.

Answer 12

Shaping Professional Identity

Question 13

the Code of Ethics require that nurses work with all patients regardless of their beliefs.

Answer 13

Factors influencing Socialization

Question 14

4 Stages Necessary for Satisfactory Socialization to Occur:

Answer 14

Unilateral Dependence
Negativity/independence
Dependence/Mutuality
Interdependence

Question 15

Clinical Context:

Answer 15

Novice
Advanced Beginners
Competent
Proficient
Expert

Question 16

Cause of Reality Shock:

Answer 16

the feeling of powerlessness and ineffectiveness experienced by new graduates.

-Absence of positive reinforcement
-Lack of support
-The gap between the ideals taught in school and the actual work setting
-The inability to provide nursing care effectively

Question 17

Reality Shock: when ideals and reality collide

Answer 17

1. Seek practical experiences outside of school
2. Balance work with academic responsibilities
3. “Shadowing” programs
4. Take initiative to form group for mutual support: mentors and preceptors
5. Care for self