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medical terminology > Chapter 4: Nervous system and psychiatry > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Nervous system and psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

cerebr/o

A

common form

cerebrum, largest part of the brain

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2
Q

crani/o

A

common form

skull

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3
Q

encehpal/o

A

common form

entire brain

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4
Q

estesi/o

A

common form

Sensation

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5
Q

gli/o

A

common form

glue

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6
Q

gnos/o

A

common form

Knowing

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7
Q

kinesi/o

A

common form

movement

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8
Q

mening/o

A

common form

meninges, membranes

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9
Q

meningi/o

A

common form

meninges, membranes

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10
Q

myel/o

A

common form

spinal cord or bone marrow

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11
Q

narc/o

A

common form

stupor or sleep

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12
Q

neur/o

A

common form

nerve

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13
Q

phas/o

A

common form

speech

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14
Q

phob/o

A

common form

exaggerated fear or sensitivity

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15
Q

phren/o

A

common form

Mind

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16
Q

Psych/o

A

common form

mind

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17
Q

schiz/o

A

common form

split

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18
Q

somat/o

A

common form

sleep

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19
Q

somn/o

A

common form

sleep

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20
Q

somn/i

A

common form

sleep

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21
Q

spin/o

A

common form

spine (thorn)

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22
Q

spondyl/o

A

common form

vertebra

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23
Q

vertebr/o

A

common form

vertebra

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24
Q

stere/o

A

common form

3D or solid

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25
Q

ton/o

A

common form

tone or tension

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26
Q

tax/o

A

common form

order or coordination

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27
Q

top/o

A

common form

place

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28
Q

ventricul/o

A

common form

ventricle (belly or pouch)

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29
Q

-asthenia

A

suffix

weakness

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30
Q

craniectomy

A

excision of part of the skull to approach the brain

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31
Q

craniotomy

A

incision into the skull to approach the brain

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32
Q

neuroplasty

A

surgical repair of a nerve

33
Q

chemotherapy

A

treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents to destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce

34
Q

Radiation therapy

A

Treatment of neoplastic disease using ionizing radiation to impede the proliferation of malignant cells

35
Q

analgesic

A

Drug that relieves pain

36
Q

anticonvulsant

A

Drug that prevents or lessens convulsions

37
Q

antidepressant

A

Drug that counteracts depression

38
Q

sedative

A

Drug that has a calming effect and quiets nervousness

39
Q

hypnotic

A

Drug that induces sleep

40
Q

-lepsy

A

Suffix

Seizure

41
Q

-mania

A

suffix

Condition of abnormal impulse toward

42
Q

-paresis

A

suffix

Slight paralysis

43
Q

-plegia

A

suffix

paralysis

44
Q

central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

45
Q

brain

A

Portion of the central nervous system contained within the cranium

46
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest portion of the brain; divided into right and left halves, known as cerebral hemispheres, which are connected by a bridge of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum; lobes of the cerebrum are named after the skull bones they underlie

47
Q

cerebellum

A

Portion of the brain located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum; responsible for control and coordination of skeletal muscles

48
Q

spinal cord

A

Column of nervous tissue from the brainstem through the vertebrae; responsible for nerve conduction to and from the brain and body

49
Q

meninges

A

Three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, consisting of the dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid mater

50
Q

cranial nerves

A

12 pairs of nerves arising from the brain

51
Q

spinal nerves

A

31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord

52
Q

aphasia

A

Impairment because of localized brain injury that affects the understating, retrieving, and formulating of meaningful and sequential elements of language, as demonstrated by an inability to use or comprehend words; occurs because of a stroke, head trauma, or disease

53
Q

dysphasia

A

Impairment in speech production and inability to arrange words in an understandable way

54
Q

neuralgia

A

Pain along the course of a nerve

55
Q

paralysis

A

Temporary or permanent loss of motor control

56
Q

hemiparesis

A

Partial paralysis of the right or left half of the body

57
Q

syncope

A

Fainting

58
Q

cerebral aneurysm

A

Dilation of a blood vessel in the brain (aneurysm=dilation or widening

59
Q

cerebral thrombosis

A

Presence of a stationary clot in a blood vessel of the brain

60
Q

cerebrovascular accident

A

Damage to the brain caused by cerebrovascular disease, such as occlusion of a blood vessel by a thrombus or embolus (ischemic stroke) or intracranial hemorrhage after rupture of an aneurysm (hemorrhagic stroke); also called stroke

61
Q

stroke

A

Damage to the brain caused by cerebrovascular disease, such as occlusion of a blood vessel by a thrombus or embolus (ischemic stroke) or intracranial hemorrhage after rupture of an aneurysm (hemorrhagic stroke); also called stroke

62
Q

encephalitis

A

Inflammation of the brain

63
Q

epilepsy

A

Disorder affecting the central nervous system; characterized by recurrent seizures

64
Q

hydrocephalus

A

Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain because developmental problems, infection, injury, or tumor

65
Q

meningioma

A

Benign tumor of the coverings of the brain (meninges)

66
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

67
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord

68
Q

narcolepsy

A

Sleep disorder characterized by a sudden, uncontrollable need to sleep, attacks of paralysis (cataplexy), and dreams intruding while awake (hypnagogic hallucinations)

69
Q

hemiplegia

A

Paralysis of one side of the body

70
Q

paraplegia

A

Paralysis from the waist down

71
Q

quadriplegia

A

Paralysis of all four limbs

72
Q

sleep apnea

A

Periods of breathing cessation(10 seconds or more) that occur during sleep, often caused by snoring

73
Q

Electroencephalogram

A

Record of the minute electrical impulses of the brain measured as alpha, beta, delta, and theta waves, used to identify neurological conditions that affect brain function and levels of consciousness

74
Q

EEG

A

Record of the minute electrical impulses of the brain measured as alpha, beta, delta, and theta waves, used to identify neurological conditions that affect brain function and levels of consciousness

75
Q

lumbar puncture

A

Introduction of a specialized needle into the spine in the lumbar region for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, such as to obtain CSF for testing; also called spinal tap

76
Q

magnetic resonance Imaging MRI

A

Nonionizing imaging technique using magnetic fields and radiofrequency waves to visualize anatomic structures (especially soft tissue) such as the tissues of the brain and spinal cord

77
Q

cerebral embolism

A

Obstruction of a blood vessel in the brain by an embolus (blood clot, air bubble, or fat deposit in a blood vessel) transported through the circulation

78
Q

cerebral angiogram

A

x-ray of blood vessels in the brain after intracarotid injection of contrast medium

79
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

a severe disturbance in eating behavior caused by abnormal perceptions about one’s body weight, as evidenced by an overwhelming fear of becoming fat that results in a refusal to eat and body weight well below normal.

medical terminology (5 decks)

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