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medical terminology > Chapter 3: Musculoskeletal system > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Musculoskeletal system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ankyl/o

A

combining form

crooked or stiff

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2
Q

arthr/o

A

combining form

joint

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3
Q

articul/o

A

combining form

joint

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4
Q

brachi/o

A

combining form

arm

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5
Q

cervic/o

A

combining form

neck

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6
Q

chondr/o

A

combining form

cartilage

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7
Q

cost/o

A

combining form

cartilage

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8
Q

crani/o

A

combining form

skull

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9
Q

dactyl/o

A

combining form

digit (finger/toe)

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10
Q

femor/o

A

combining form

femur

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11
Q

fibr/o

A

combining form

fiber

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12
Q

lumb/o

A

combining form

loin (lower back)

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13
Q

myel/o

A

combining form

bone marrow or spinal cord

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14
Q

my/o

A

combining form

muscle

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15
Q

muscul/o

A

combining form

muscle

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16
Q

oste/o

A

combining form

bone

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17
Q

patell/o

A

combining form

knee cap

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18
Q

pelv/i

A

combining form

pelvis (basin) or hip bone

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19
Q

spondyl/o

A

combining form

vertebra

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20
Q

ten/o

A

combining form

tendon (to stretch)

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21
Q

tend/o

A

combining form

tendon (to stretch)

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22
Q

tendin/o

A

combining form

tendon (to stretch)

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23
Q

anatomical position

A

term of reference health professionals use when noting body planes, positions, or directions, standing upright(erect), facing forwards, feet pointed forward, with arms at side and palms facing forward

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24
Q

coronal or frontal plane

A

vertical division of the body into front or anterior, and back or posterior

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25
Q

sagittal plane

A

vertical division of the body into right and left portions

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26
Q

transverse plane

A

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions, aka, horizontal plane

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27
Q

anterior

A

front of the body, ventral

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28
Q

posterior

A

back of the body, dorsal

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29
Q

myoma

A

muscle tumor

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30
Q

superior

A

situated above another structure, toward the head, aka cephalic

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31
Q

inferior

A

situated below another structure, away from the head, aka caudal

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32
Q

proximal

A

toward the beginning or origin of a structure, eg proximal aspect of the femur is the area closest to where it attaches to the hip

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33
Q

distal

A

away from the beginning or origin of a structure, eg, distal aspect of the femur is the area at the end of the bone near the knee

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34
Q

medial

A

toward the middle

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35
Q

lateral

A

toward the side

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36
Q

erect

A

normal standing position

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37
Q

decubitis

A

lying down, especially in bed, lateral decubitis is lying on the side, (decumbo=to lay down)

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38
Q

prone

A

lying face down and flat

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39
Q

recumbent

A

lying down

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40
Q

supine

A

horizontal recumbent, lying flat on back

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41
Q

flexion

A

bending at the joint so that the angle between the bones is decreased

42
Q

extension

A

straightening the joint so that the angle between the bones is increased

43
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the body

44
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the body

45
Q

rotation

A

circular movement toward the body

46
Q

eversion

A

turning outward, that is of the foot

47
Q

inversion

A

turning inward, foot

48
Q

supination

A

turning of the palmar surface or plantar surface upwards or forwards

49
Q

pronation

A

turning of the palmar surface or plantar surface downward or backward

50
Q

dorsiflexion

A

bending of the foot or the toes upwards

51
Q

plantar flexion

A

bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground

52
Q

range of motion

A

total motion possible at the joint, described by the terms related to movement, eg, flex, extend, and measured in degrees

53
Q

arthralgia

A

joint pain

54
Q

atrophy

A

shrinking of the muscle size

55
Q

flaccid

A

flabby, relaxed, or having defective or absent muscle tone

56
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase in the size of tissue, such as muscle

57
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain, aka myodynia

58
Q

ostealgia

A

bone pain, aka osteodynia

59
Q

rigor or rigidity

A

stiffness, stiff muscle

60
Q

spastic

A

uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles, causing stiff and awkward movements, resembles spasms

61
Q

tetany

A

tension, prolonged, continuous muscle contraction

62
Q

tremor

A

shaking, rhythmic muscular movements

63
Q

ankylosis

A

stiff joint condition

64
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of the joints, characterized by pain, swelling, redness, warmth, and limitations of movement, 100 diff types

65
Q

bony necrosis

A

bone tissue that has died from a loss of blood supply, eg after bone fracture, aka sequestrum

66
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of the bursa

67
Q

chondromalacia

A

softening of the cartilage

68
Q

fracture

A

broken or cracked bone

69
Q

myeloma

A

bone marrow tumor

70
Q

osteoma

A

bone tumor

71
Q

osteosarcoma

A

type of malignant bone tumor

72
Q

osteomyelitis

A

infection of the bone and bone marrow causing inflammation

73
Q

osteoporosis

A

condition of decreased bone density and increased porosity, causing bones to become brittle and to fracture more easily

74
Q

spinal curvatures

A

curvatures of the spine or spinal column (vertebral column)

75
Q

kyphosis

A

anteriorly concave curvature of the thoracic spine, hump back condition

76
Q

lordosis

A

anteriorly convex curvature of the lumbar spine, sway back condition

77
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, s shaped curve

78
Q

osteomalacia

A

disease marked by softening of the bone caused by vit d deficiency

79
Q

spondylosis

A

stiff, immobile condition of vertebrae caused by joint degeneration

80
Q

sprain

A

injury to a ligament caused by joint trauma but without joint dislocation or fracture

81
Q

subluxation

A

partial dislocation (luxation=dislocation)

82
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of the tendon, aka tendonitis

83
Q

electromyogram

A

a neurodiagnostic, graphic record of the electrical activity of muscle both at rest and during contractions, used to diagnose neuromusculoskeletal disorders, muscular dystrophy, by a neurologist

84
Q

bone scan

A

a nuclear scan (radionucleid image) of bone tissue to detect a tumor or malignancy

85
Q

arthrogram

A

a radiograph of a joint taken after the injection of a contrast medium

86
Q

arthrocentesis

A

puncture for aspiration of a joint

87
Q

arthrodesis

A

binding or fusing of joint surfaces

88
Q

arthroscopy

A

procedure using an arthroscope to examine, diagnose, and repair a joint from within

89
Q

myoplasty

A

repair of muscle

90
Q

osteotomy

A

an incision into bone

91
Q

osteoplasty

A

repair of bone

92
Q

spondylosyndesis

A

spinal fusion

93
Q

closed reduction

A

external manipulation of a fracture to regain alignment along with application of an external device to protect and hold the bone in place while healing

94
Q

casting

A

use of a stiff, solid dressing around a limb or other body part to immobilized it during healing

95
Q

splinting

A

use of a rigid device to immobilize or restrain a broken bone or injured body part; provides less support than a cast, but can be adjusted more easily to accommodate swelling from an injury

96
Q

traction

A

application of a pulling force to a fractured bone or dislocated joint to maintain proper position during healing

97
Q

orthosis

A

use of an orthopedic appliance to maintain a bones position or to provide limb support, eg brace

98
Q

prosthesis

A

an artificial replacement for a missing body part or a device used to improve a body function, such as an artificial limb, hip or joint

99
Q

analgesic

A

a drug that relieves pain

100
Q

narcotic

A

a potent analgesic with addictive properties

medical terminology (5 decks)

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