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Human Bio > Chapter 4 - Nervous system > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Nervous system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what makes up the nervous system

A

The brain, spinal-cord and nerves

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2
Q

What are the two parts of the nervous system

A
  • Central nervous system: Brain and spinal cord

- Peripheral nervous system: Nerves that connect the CNS with receptors, muscles and glands

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3
Q

What are the three structures that protect the CNS

A
  • Bone (cranium and vertebral canal)
  • Meninges
  • Cerebrospinal fluid
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4
Q

what are the meninges

A

membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

what are the three layers of the meninges

A
  • Dura mater (outer layer) tough and fibrous
  • Arachnoid mater (middle layer) loose mesh of fibres
  • Pia mater (inner layer) delicate, contains blood vessels
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6
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

protective fluid produced in the cavities of the brain. Fills brain cavities and surrounds brain, spinal-cord and the space between the middle and inner meninges

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7
Q

Three functions of Cerebrospinal fluid

A
  • Protection: acts as shock absorber
  • Support: brain is suspended in cranium and floats in fluid surrounding it
  • Transport: Forms from blood and circulates around the CNS before re-entering the blood capillaries. Takes nutrients to the cells of the brain and spinal cord and carries away their wastes
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8
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest part of the brain. Surface is folded into convolutions to increase surface area

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9
Q

Grey matter

A

Part of the brain and spinal cord made up of nerve cells and unmyelinated fibres

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10
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Outer layer of the cerebrum made up of grey matter

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11
Q

White matter

A

Part of the brain and spinal cord made up of myelinated fighters

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12
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Masses of grey matter inside each cerebral Hemisphere

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13
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Thinking, problem-solving, emotions, personality, language, control of movement

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14
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Processing sensations (temperature, touch, taste, pain and movement)

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15
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Processing memories, receives auditory information

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16
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Vision

17
Q

Insula

A

fifth lobe deep inside brain. Recognition of different senses and emotions, addiction and psychiatric disorders

18
Q

what are the three functional areas of the cortex

A
  • Sensory areas: interpret impulses from receptors
  • Motor areas: control muscular movements
  • Association areas: intellectual and emotional processes (reasoning, judgement, personality)
19
Q

Cerebral cortex function

A

Higher order functions such as thinking, reasoning, memory, learning, awareness of surroundings

20
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Large bundle of nerve fibres that connects and acts as communication between the two hemispheres.

21
Q

Cerebellum function

A

Coordination of fine contractions of muscles, posture, balance

22
Q

Hypothalamus function

A

Homeostasis, heart rate, blood pressure, digestive system, appetite, thirst metabolism, body temp,

23
Q

Medulla oblongata function

A

Under influence of hypothalamus, regulates heart, breathing and diameter of blood vessels

24
Q

Spinal cord function

A

Provides a pathway for communication between muscles and glands in the brain

25
Q

What is the PNS composed of

A
  • Nerve fibres (carry info to and from CNS)

- Ganglia (groups of nerve cell bodies outside the brain or spinal cord)

26
Q

Cranial nerves

A

twelve pairs of nerves that arise from the brain (eg, Optic and auditory nerve)

27
Q

sensory fibres

A

Fibre that carries impulses into the CNS

28
Q

Motor fibres

A

Fibre that carries impulses away from the CNS

29
Q

Spinal nerves

A

thirty one pairs of nerves that arise from the spinal cord. joined to spinal cord by dorsal and ventral roots

30
Q

Ventral root

A

Contains the axon of the motor neurons that have the cell bodies in the grey matter of the spinal-cord

31
Q

dorsal root

A

Contains axons of sensory neurons that have the cell bodies in a small swelling on the dorsal route called the dorsal root ganglion

32
Q

Afferent division of PNS

A

Carry impulses INTO the CNS by sensory neurons from receptors in the skin and around the muscles and joints. further divided into: Somatic sensory neurons (brings impulses from the skin and muscles) and Visceral sensory neurons (brings impulses from the internal organs)

33
Q

Efferent division of the PNS

A

Carry impulses AWAY from the CNS. divided into the somatic division (takes impulses from CNS to the skeletal muscles) and the autonomic division (carries impulses from CNS to heart muscle, involuntary muscles and glands)

34
Q

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic division (opposes function of parasympathetic) and parasympathetic division (opposes function of sympathetic)

35
Q

Fight or flight response

A

A response preparing the body for increased activity. Brought about by stimulation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

36
Q

compare the autonomic and somatic divisions of the PNS

A

Human Bio (17 decks)

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