Chapter 4 Muscular System Flashcards
Fasci/o
Fascia
Cover, support, and separate muscles.
Ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
Attach muscles to bone
Bi-
Twice, double, two
-cele
Hernia, tumor, swelling
Fibr/o
Fibrous tissue, fiber
-ia
Abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium
Kines/o, kinesi/o
Movement
-plegia
Paralysis, stroke
Tax/o
Coordination, order
Ton/o
Tone, stretching, tension
Tri-
Three
Skeletal muscles
Attaches to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible. The are voluntary muscles.
Smooth muscles
Located in the walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands.
Involuntary muscles controlled by autonomic nervous system.
Muscle innervation
Stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve.
Neuromuscular
Means pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle.
Abduction
Movement of a limb away from the midline
Adduction
Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.
Flexion
Decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb
Extension
Increasing the angle between two bones by straightening out of a limb.
Dorsiflexion
Movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle.
Plantar Flexion
Movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle.
Pronation
Act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of foot is turned downward or backward.
Supination
Act of rotating the arm or the leg so that the palm of hand or sole of foot is turned forward or upward.
Origin
Where muscle begins and is located nearest the midline of body or on a less moveable part of the skeleton.
Insertion
Muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon.
Lateralis (Lat-er-ay-lis)
Toward the side
Medialis
Towards the midline.
Rectus
Means in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body
Sphincter
Ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway.
Transverse
Crosswise direction
Frontalis
Muscle in the forehead, raises and lowers eyebrows
Temporalis
Muscle moves the lower jaw up and back to close the mouth
Masseter
Moves the lower jaw up to close the mouth when chewing, strongest muscle in the body
Rectus abdominis
Helps flex the trunk, assists in breathing, and supports the spine
Transverse abdominis
Located on side of the abdomen, engaged when somebody is laughing
Gastrocnemius
Calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends the foot downward.
Tenosynovitis
Inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon
Myocele
Herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it
Myolysis
Degeneration of muscle tissue
Myorrhexis
Rupture or tearing of a muscle
Polymyositis
Muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body
Sarcopenia
Loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging
Atonic
Means lacking normal muscle tone or strength
Dystonia
Condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement.
Hypotonia
Condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles
Ataxia
The lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement
Contracture
Permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues.
Intermittent claudication
Pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest.
Spasmodic torticollis
Stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward affected side.
Muscul/o, my/o, myos/o
Muscle
Make body movement possible, hold body erect, move body fluids, and produce body heat
hemopoietic
pertaining to the formation of blood cells
diaphysis
the shaft of a long bone
epiphysis
wider ends of long bones such as the femurs of the legs
foramen
opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass
process
a normal projection on the surface of a bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon
