Chapter 4 Muscular System

Question 1

Fasci/o

Answer 1

Fascia

Cover, support, and separate muscles.

Question 2

Ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

Answer 2

Attach muscles to bone

Question 3

Bi-

Answer 3

Twice, double, two

Question 4

-cele

Answer 4

Hernia, tumor, swelling

Question 5

Fibr/o

Answer 5

Fibrous tissue, fiber

Question 6

-ia

Answer 6

Abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium

Question 7

Kines/o, kinesi/o

Answer 7

Movement

Question 8

-plegia

Answer 8

Paralysis, stroke

Question 9

Tax/o

Answer 9

Coordination, order

Question 10

Ton/o

Answer 10

Tone, stretching, tension

Question 11

Tri-

Answer 11

Three

Question 12

Skeletal muscles

Answer 12

Attaches to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible. The are voluntary muscles.

Question 13

Smooth muscles

Answer 13

Located in the walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands.
Involuntary muscles controlled by autonomic nervous system.

Question 14

Muscle innervation

Answer 14

Stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve.

Question 15

Neuromuscular

Answer 15

Means pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle.

Question 16

Abduction

Answer 16

Movement of a limb away from the midline

Question 17

Adduction

Answer 17

Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.

Question 18

Flexion

Answer 18

Decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb

Question 19

Extension

Answer 19

Increasing the angle between two bones by straightening out of a limb.

Question 20

Dorsiflexion

Answer 20

Movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle.

Question 21

Plantar Flexion

Answer 21

Movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle.

Question 22

Pronation

Answer 22

Act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of foot is turned downward or backward.

Question 23

Supination

Answer 23

Act of rotating the arm or the leg so that the palm of hand or sole of foot is turned forward or upward.

Question 24

Origin

Answer 24

Where muscle begins and is located nearest the midline of body or on a less moveable part of the skeleton.

Question 25

Insertion

Answer 25

Muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon.

Question 26

Lateralis (Lat-er-ay-lis)

Answer 26

Toward the side

Question 27

Medialis

Answer 27

Towards the midline.

Question 28

Rectus

Answer 28

Means in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body

Question 29

Sphincter

Answer 29

Ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway.

Question 30

Transverse

Answer 30

Crosswise direction

Question 31

Frontalis

Answer 31

Muscle in the forehead, raises and lowers eyebrows

Question 32

Temporalis

Answer 32

Muscle moves the lower jaw up and back to close the mouth

Question 33

Masseter

Answer 33

Moves the lower jaw up to close the mouth when chewing, strongest muscle in the body

Question 34

Rectus abdominis

Answer 34

Helps flex the trunk, assists in breathing, and supports the spine

Question 35

Transverse abdominis

Answer 35

Located on side of the abdomen, engaged when somebody is laughing

Question 36

Gastrocnemius

Answer 36

Calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends the foot downward.

Question 37

Tenosynovitis

Answer 37

Inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

Question 38

Myocele

Answer 38

Herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it

Question 39

Myolysis

Answer 39

Degeneration of muscle tissue

Question 40

Myorrhexis

Answer 40

Rupture or tearing of a muscle

Question 41

Polymyositis

Answer 41

Muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

Question 42

Sarcopenia

Answer 42

Loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging

Question 43

Atonic

Answer 43

Means lacking normal muscle tone or strength

Question 44

Dystonia

Answer 44

Condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement.

Question 45

Hypotonia

Answer 45

Condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

Question 46

Ataxia

Answer 46

The lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

Question 47

Contracture

Answer 47

Permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues.

Question 48

Intermittent claudication

Answer 48

Pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest.

Question 49

Spasmodic torticollis

Answer 49

Stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward affected side.

Question 50

Muscul/o, my/o, myos/o

Answer 50

Muscle

Make body movement possible, hold body erect, move body fluids, and produce body heat

Question 51

hemopoietic

Answer 51

pertaining to the formation of blood cells

Question 52

diaphysis

Answer 52

the shaft of a long bone

Question 53

epiphysis

Answer 53

wider ends of long bones such as the femurs of the legs

Question 54

foramen

Answer 54

opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

Question 55

process

Answer 55

a normal projection on the surface of a bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon