Chapter 3 The Skeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
Arthr/o
A
Joint
2
Q
Chondr/i, chondr/o
A
Cartilage
3
Q
Cost/o
A
Rib
4
Q
Crani/o
A
Skull
5
Q
-desis
A
To bind, tie together
6
Q
Kyph/o
A
Bent, hump
7
Q
Lord/o
A
Curve, swayback, bent
8
Q
-lysis
A
Loosening or setting free
9
Q
Myel/o
A
Spinal cord, bone marrow
10
Q
Oss/e, Oss/i, Ost/o, Oste/o
A
Bone
11
Q
Scoli/o
A
Curved, bent
12
Q
Spondyl/o
A
Vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone
13
Q
Synovi/o, synov/o
A
Synovial membrane, synovial fluid
14
Q
-um
A
Singular noun ending
15
Q
Periosteum
A
Tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of the bone
Peri- means surrounding, Oste means bone, and -um is a noun ending
16
Q
Compact bone
A
Dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones
Aka cortical bone
17
Q
Spongy bone
A
Lighter and not as strong as compact bones, found near ends of bone.
Bone marrow is located within this spongy bone.
Aka cancellous bone.
18
Q
Medullary cavity
A
Central cavity located in the shaft of long bones where it is surrounded by compact bone.
Medullary means pertaining to the inner section.
19
Q
Endosteum
A
Tissue that lines the medullary cavity.
20
Q
Red bone marrow
A
Hemopoietic tissue that manufactures RBCs, Hemoglobin, WBCs and thrombocytes.
21
Q
Hemopoietic
A
Pertaining to the formation of blood cells.
Hem/o means blood, -poietic means pertaining to formation.
Aka hematopoietic
22
Q
Yellow bone marrow
A
Functions as a fat storage area.
Located in the medullary cavity.
23
Q
Cartilage
A
Smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones.
24
Q
Articular cartilage
A
Covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form a joint.
25
Meniscus
Curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints such as the knee and temporomandibular joint of the jaw.
26
Diaphysis
The shaft of a long bone.
27
Epiphysis
Wider ends of long bones such as the femur.
28
Foramen
An opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves and ligaments pass.
29
Process
Normal projection on the surface of a bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon.
Mastoid process is the bony projection located on temporal bones just behind the ears.
30
Proximal epiphysis
End of the bone located nearest to the midline of the body.
31
Distal epiphysis
End of the bone located furthest from midline of the body.
32
Fibrous joints
Consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, hold the bones together.
Aka sutures in adults
33
Fontanelles (fon-tah-nells)
Soft spot located on the skull of a newborn.
34
Cartilaginous joints (kar-tih-ladi-ih-nus)
Allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage.
35
Pubic symphysis (sim-fih-sis)
Allows some movement to facilitate childbirth.
| Located between pubic bones in the anterior (front) of the pelvis.
36
Synovial joint
Created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions.
37
Synovial capsule
Outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint.
38
Synovial membrane
Lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid.
39
Synovial fluid
Acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of the joint possible.
40
Ligaments
Bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone by joining a bone to cartilage.
41
Bursa
Fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction, such as in the shoulder, elbow, and knee joints where a tendon passes over a bone.
42
Axial skeleton
Protects major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems.
Consists of 80 bones
43
Appendicular skeleton
Makes body movements possible and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction.
Consists of 126 bones that are organized into the upper and lower extremities.
44
Cranium
Made up of 8 bones; frontal bone, parietal bones, occipital bone, temporal bones, external auditory meatus, sphenoid bone, and ethmoid bone.
45
Frontal bone
Anterior portion of the cranium that forms the forehead.
46
Parietal bones (pah-rye-eh-tal)
Two of the largest bones of the skull.
47
Occipital bone (ock-sip-ih-tal)
Forms the back of the skull and the base of the cranium.
48
Temporal bones
Form the sides and base of the cranium.
49
External auditory meatus (mee-ay-tus)
Opening of the external auditory canal of the outer ear.
50
Sphenoid bone (sfee-noid)
Irregular wedge-shape bone at the base of the skull, makes contact with all of the other cranial bones.
51
Ethmoid bone (eth-moid)
Light, spongy bone located at the roof and sides of nose, separates nasal cavity from the brain.
52
Auditory ossicles
Three tiny bones located in each middle ear.
53
Zygomatic bones
Articulates with the frontal bone, aka cheekbone.
54
Maxillary bones
Forms upper jaw
55
Palatine bones
Anterior part of the hard plate of the mouth and the floor of the nose.
56
Lacrimal bones
Makes up part of the orbit at the inner angle.
57
Inferior conchae (Kong-kee)
Thin, scroll-like bones that form part of the interior of the nose.
58
Vomer bone
Forms the base for the nasal septum.
59
Mandible
Attached to the skull at the temporomandibular joint, aka jawbone.
60
Sternum
Consists of manubrium (mah-new-bree-um) which is the upper portion, body of the sternum which forms them middle portion, and xiphoid process which forms the lower portion.
61
Pectoral girdle (shoulder)
Consists of clavicle, scapula, and acromion (forms high point of shoulder)
62
Humerus
Upper bone of arm
63
Radius
Smaller and shorter bone in the forearm
64
Ulna
Larger and longer bone of the forearm
65
Olecranon process (oh-lek-rah-non)
Large projection on the upper end of the ulna, aka the funny bone
66
Metacarpals
Five bones that form the palms of the hand.
67
Phalanges
14 bones of the fingers, also the name for bones in toes.
68
Spinal column (vertebral column)
Protects spinal cord and consists of 26 vertebrae.
69
Lamina
Posterior portion of a vertebra.
70
Vertebral Foramen
Opening in the middle of the vertebra, allows the spinal cord to pass through
71
Cervical vertebrae
First set of 7 vertebrae, form the neck.
72
Thoracic vertebrae
Second set of 12 vertebrae, known as T1 - T12.
73
Lumbar vertebrae
Make up third set of 5 vertebrae, known as L1 - L5.
74
Sacrum
Slightly curved triangular-shaped bone near the base of the spine that forms the lower portion of the back.
75
Coccyx
Forms end of the spine, made up of 4 small vertebrae that are fused together, aka tailbone.
76
Pelvic girdle
Protects internal organs and supports the lower extremities, consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.
77
Ilium
Broad blade-shaped bone that forms the back and sides of the pubic bone.
78
Sacroiliac
Slightly movable articulation between the sacrum and posterior portion of the ilium.
79
Ischium
Forms the lower posterior portion of the pubic bone.
80
Pubic symphysis
Cartilaginous joint that unites the left and right pubic bone.
81
Acetabulum
Large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint.
82
Malleolus
Rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint.
83
Talus
Ankle bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula.
84
Calcaneus
Largest of the tarsal bones, aka heel bone
85
Ankyl/o
Crooked, bent, stiff
