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Medical Terminology > Chapter 3 The Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 3 The Skeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Arthr/o

A

Joint

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2
Q

Chondr/i, chondr/o

A

Cartilage

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3
Q

Cost/o

A

Rib

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4
Q

Crani/o

A

Skull

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5
Q

-desis

A

To bind, tie together

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6
Q

Kyph/o

A

Bent, hump

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7
Q

Lord/o

A

Curve, swayback, bent

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8
Q

-lysis

A

Loosening or setting free

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9
Q

Myel/o

A

Spinal cord, bone marrow

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10
Q

Oss/e, Oss/i, Ost/o, Oste/o

A

Bone

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11
Q

Scoli/o

A

Curved, bent

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12
Q

Spondyl/o

A

Vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone

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13
Q

Synovi/o, synov/o

A

Synovial membrane, synovial fluid

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14
Q

-um

A

Singular noun ending

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15
Q

Periosteum

A

Tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of the bone
Peri- means surrounding, Oste means bone, and -um is a noun ending

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16
Q

Compact bone

A

Dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones
Aka cortical bone

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17
Q

Spongy bone

A

Lighter and not as strong as compact bones, found near ends of bone.
Bone marrow is located within this spongy bone.
Aka cancellous bone.

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18
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Central cavity located in the shaft of long bones where it is surrounded by compact bone.
Medullary means pertaining to the inner section.

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19
Q

Endosteum

A

Tissue that lines the medullary cavity.

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20
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Hemopoietic tissue that manufactures RBCs, Hemoglobin, WBCs and thrombocytes.

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21
Q

Hemopoietic

A

Pertaining to the formation of blood cells.
Hem/o means blood, -poietic means pertaining to formation.
Aka hematopoietic

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22
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Functions as a fat storage area.

Located in the medullary cavity.

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23
Q

Cartilage

A

Smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones.

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24
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form a joint.

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25
Q

Meniscus

A

Curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints such as the knee and temporomandibular joint of the jaw.

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26
Q

Diaphysis

A

The shaft of a long bone.

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27
Q

Epiphysis

A

Wider ends of long bones such as the femur.

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28
Q

Foramen

A

An opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves and ligaments pass.

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29
Q

Process

A

Normal projection on the surface of a bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon.
Mastoid process is the bony projection located on temporal bones just behind the ears.

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30
Q

Proximal epiphysis

A

End of the bone located nearest to the midline of the body.

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31
Q

Distal epiphysis

A

End of the bone located furthest from midline of the body.

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32
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, hold the bones together.
Aka sutures in adults

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33
Q

Fontanelles (fon-tah-nells)

A

Soft spot located on the skull of a newborn.

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34
Q

Cartilaginous joints (kar-tih-ladi-ih-nus)

A

Allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage.

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35
Q

Pubic symphysis (sim-fih-sis)

A

Allows some movement to facilitate childbirth.

Located between pubic bones in the anterior (front) of the pelvis.

36
Q

Synovial joint

A

Created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions.

37
Q

Synovial capsule

A

Outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint.

38
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid.

39
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of the joint possible.

40
Q

Ligaments

A

Bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone by joining a bone to cartilage.

41
Q

Bursa

A

Fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction, such as in the shoulder, elbow, and knee joints where a tendon passes over a bone.

42
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Protects major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems.
Consists of 80 bones

43
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Makes body movements possible and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction.
Consists of 126 bones that are organized into the upper and lower extremities.

44
Q

Cranium

A

Made up of 8 bones; frontal bone, parietal bones, occipital bone, temporal bones, external auditory meatus, sphenoid bone, and ethmoid bone.

45
Q

Frontal bone

A

Anterior portion of the cranium that forms the forehead.

46
Q

Parietal bones (pah-rye-eh-tal)

A

Two of the largest bones of the skull.

47
Q

Occipital bone (ock-sip-ih-tal)

A

Forms the back of the skull and the base of the cranium.

48
Q

Temporal bones

A

Form the sides and base of the cranium.

49
Q

External auditory meatus (mee-ay-tus)

A

Opening of the external auditory canal of the outer ear.

50
Q

Sphenoid bone (sfee-noid)

A

Irregular wedge-shape bone at the base of the skull, makes contact with all of the other cranial bones.

51
Q

Ethmoid bone (eth-moid)

A

Light, spongy bone located at the roof and sides of nose, separates nasal cavity from the brain.

52
Q

Auditory ossicles

A

Three tiny bones located in each middle ear.

53
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

Articulates with the frontal bone, aka cheekbone.

54
Q

Maxillary bones

A

Forms upper jaw

55
Q

Palatine bones

A

Anterior part of the hard plate of the mouth and the floor of the nose.

56
Q

Lacrimal bones

A

Makes up part of the orbit at the inner angle.

57
Q

Inferior conchae (Kong-kee)

A

Thin, scroll-like bones that form part of the interior of the nose.

58
Q

Vomer bone

A

Forms the base for the nasal septum.

59
Q

Mandible

A

Attached to the skull at the temporomandibular joint, aka jawbone.

60
Q

Sternum

A

Consists of manubrium (mah-new-bree-um) which is the upper portion, body of the sternum which forms them middle portion, and xiphoid process which forms the lower portion.

61
Q

Pectoral girdle (shoulder)

A

Consists of clavicle, scapula, and acromion (forms high point of shoulder)

62
Q

Humerus

A

Upper bone of arm

63
Q

Radius

A

Smaller and shorter bone in the forearm

64
Q

Ulna

A

Larger and longer bone of the forearm

65
Q

Olecranon process (oh-lek-rah-non)

A

Large projection on the upper end of the ulna, aka the funny bone

66
Q

Metacarpals

A

Five bones that form the palms of the hand.

67
Q

Phalanges

A

14 bones of the fingers, also the name for bones in toes.

68
Q

Spinal column (vertebral column)

A

Protects spinal cord and consists of 26 vertebrae.

69
Q

Lamina

A

Posterior portion of a vertebra.

70
Q

Vertebral Foramen

A

Opening in the middle of the vertebra, allows the spinal cord to pass through

71
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

First set of 7 vertebrae, form the neck.

72
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

Second set of 12 vertebrae, known as T1 - T12.

73
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

Make up third set of 5 vertebrae, known as L1 - L5.

74
Q

Sacrum

A

Slightly curved triangular-shaped bone near the base of the spine that forms the lower portion of the back.

75
Q

Coccyx

A

Forms end of the spine, made up of 4 small vertebrae that are fused together, aka tailbone.

76
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

Protects internal organs and supports the lower extremities, consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

77
Q

Ilium

A

Broad blade-shaped bone that forms the back and sides of the pubic bone.

78
Q

Sacroiliac

A

Slightly movable articulation between the sacrum and posterior portion of the ilium.

79
Q

Ischium

A

Forms the lower posterior portion of the pubic bone.

80
Q

Pubic symphysis

A

Cartilaginous joint that unites the left and right pubic bone.

81
Q

Acetabulum

A

Large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint.

82
Q

Malleolus

A

Rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint.

83
Q

Talus

A

Ankle bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula.

84
Q

Calcaneus

A

Largest of the tarsal bones, aka heel bone

85
Q

Ankyl/o

A

Crooked, bent, stiff

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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