Chapter 4- Microbiology

Question 1

Microbiology

Answer 1

Study of microorganisms.

Question 2

Contamination

Answer 2

Soiled by contact with infections organisms or other material

Question 3

Bacterial cells

Answer 3

Have no membrane to separate nucleus ( one strand of DNA) from cytoplasm

95% are beneficial and essential

Question 4

Pathogens

Answer 4

Microorganisms that cause illness produce powerful toxins that entire with body systems.
Capable of causing disease

Question 5

Microns

Answer 5

How to measure bacteria. 1/1000 of a ml

Question 6

Aerobic

Answer 6

Need oxygen

Question 7

Anaerobic

Answer 7

Can live with out oxygen

Question 8

Shape

Answer 8

Spherical-circle or sphere (cocci)
Rod- bacillus
Spiral- spirilla

Question 9

Endosperm

Answer 9

Micro. Able to form thick wall around self to be able to survive in adverse conditions ‘ resistant bacterium

Question 10

What conditions micro. Need to grow and reproduce

Answer 10

PH, oxygen requirements,temperature, nutritional needs, light moisture / humidity

Question 11

Psychrophile

Answer 11

Likes cold (59-68)

Question 12

Mesophiles

Answer 12

Most pathogenic to humans

Like 68-113

Question 13

thermophiles

Answer 13

Like heat ( 122-158)

Question 14

PH of pathogen

Answer 14

7-7.8 ( same as blood)

Question 15

Vegetative stage

Answer 15

State of active growth

Question 16

Angstrom

Answer 16

Unit used to measure length of light waves

Question 17

Binary fission

Answer 17

Bacterial division → 2 equal parts, every 20min.

Question 18

MRSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus)

Answer 18

Lives on skin

Question 19

Vancomycin - resistant enterococci (vre)

Answer 19

Lives in bowels

Question 20

Vancomycin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 20

Lives asymptotically in nose and pharynx

Question 21

Klebsiella

Answer 21

On hands an gi tract

Question 22

A cinetobacter

Answer 22

Found in soil

Question 23

Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae

Answer 23

High antibiotic resistance, normal part of human gut

→ become carbapenem resistant→associated with endoscopes, ventilators, urinary catheters, iv CATHS

Question 24

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 24

Water-bug. Occur with severe burns patients with aids, immunocompromised.

Question 25

Blood borne pathogens

Answer 25

HIV HBV, HCV most prevalent chronic

Question 26

Protozoa

Answer 26

One-celled animal organism.

Trophozoite= feeding stage

Question 27

Fungi

Answer 27

Molds, mushroom, yeast

Plant-like

Question 28

Prions

Answer 28

Pathogenic agent transmissible and able to induce abnormal folding of specific normal cell proteins (found usually in the brain) -

TSE = transmissible spongiform encephalopathies → long incubation period neuronal loss t failure to induce inflame. Response.

Resistant to heat and disinfect, agents

Question 29

Example of a TSE

Answer 29

CJD = creutzfeldt -jakob disease

30yr incubation
Prions found in brain, duramater and eyes
Seldom in blood urine skin bone nerves feces saliva, eye.