Chapter 4 - Key Terms - Socialization

Question 1

ageism

Answer 1

Prejudice and discrimination against people on the basis of age, particularly against older persons

Question 2

agents of socialization

Answer 2

The persons, groups, or institutions that teach us what we need to know to participate in society

Question 3

anticipatory socialization

Answer 3

The process by which knowledge and skills are learned for future roles

Question 4

ego

Answer 4

According to Sigmund Freud, the rational, reality-oriented component of personality that imposes restrictions on the innate pleasure-seeking drives of the id

Question 5

gender socialization

Answer 5

the aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of being female or male in a specific group or society

Question 6

generalized other

Answer 6

George Herbert Mead’s term for the child’s awareness of the demands and expectations of society as a whole or of the child’s subculture

Question 7

id

Answer 7

Sigmund Freud’s term for the component of personality that includes all of the individual’s basic biological drives and needs that demand immediate gratification

Question 8

looking-glass self

Answer 8

Charles Horton Cooley’s term for the way in which a person’s sense of self is derived from the perceptions of others

Question 9

peer group

Answer 9

A group of people who are linked by common interests, equal social position, and (usually) similar age

Question 10

Reciprocral socialization

Answer 10

The process by which the feelings, thoughts, appearance, and behaviour of individuals who are undergoing socialization also have a direct influence on those agents of socialization who are attempting to influence them

Question 11

resocialization

Answer 11

the process of learning a new and different set of attitudes, values, and behaviours from those in one’s previous background and experience

Question 12

role-taking

Answer 12

the process by which a person mentally assumes the role of another person in order to understand the world from that person’s point of view

Question 13

self-concept

Answer 13

the totality of our beliefs and feelings about ourselves

Question 14

significant others

Answer 14

those persons whose care, affection, and approval are especially desired and who are most important in the development of self

Question 15

social devaluation

Answer 15

a situation in which a person or group is considered to have less social value than other individuals or groups

Question 16

socialization

Answer 16

the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society

Question 17

sociobiology

Answer 17

the systematic study of how biology affects social behaviour

Question 18

superego

Answer 18

Sigmund Freud’s term for the human conscience, consisting of the moral and ethical aspects of personality

Question 19

total institution

Answer 19

Erving Goffman’s term for a place where people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and come under the control of the officials who run the institution