Chapter 11 - Key Concepts - Ethnic Relations and Race

Question 1

race

Answer 1

-term used to specify groups based on physical characteristics
-category of people singled out as inferior or superior
based on real or alleged physical characteristics

Question 2

Ethnic Group

Answer 2

-people distinguished by others or by themselves, based on cultural characteristics or nationality

Question 3

majority (dominant group)

Answer 3

An advantaged group that has the greatest power and resources in a society

Question 4

minority (subordinate)group

Answer 4

a group whose members, because of physical or cultural characteristic, are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment and discrimination by the dominant group

Question 5

visible minority

Answer 5

Government term used to describe those who are nonwhite, non-indigenous, or non-Caucasian. This term is used interchangeably with “people of colour” and “racialized minorities”

Question 6

prejudice

Answer 6

A negative attitude based on preconceived notions about members of selected groups

Question 7

racial prejudice

Answer 7

Beliefs that certain racial groups are innately inferior to others or have a disproportionate number of negative traits

Question 8

Stereotype

Answer 8

An overgeneralization about the appearance, behaviour, or other characteristics of members of particular groups

Question 9

scapegoat

Answer 9

a person or group that is incapable of offering resistance to the hostility of aggression of others

Question 10

authoritarian personality

Answer 10

a personality type characterized by excessive conformity, submissiveness to authority, intolerance, insecurity, a high level of superstition, and rigid, stereotypic thinking.

Question 11

discrimination

Answer 11

actions or practices of dominant group members (or their representatives) that have a harmful impact on members of a subordinate group

Question 12

racism

Answer 12

a set of ideas that implies the superiority of one social group over another on the basis of biological or cultural characteristics, together with the power to put these beliefs into practice in a way that controls, excludes, or exploits minority persons

Question 13

hate racism (overt racism)

Answer 13

racism that may take the form of deliberate and highly personal attacks, including derogatory slurs and name-calling toward members of a racial or ethnic group who are perceived to be “inferior”

Question 14

polite racism

Answer 14

a term used to describe an attempt to disguise a dislike of others through behaviour that is outwardly nonprejudicial

Question 15

subliminal racism

Answer 15

a term used to describe an unconscious racism that occurs when there is a conflict of values

Question 16

institutional racism

Answer 16

a situation where the established rules, policies, and practices within an institution or organization produce differential treatment of various groups based on race

Question 17

assimilation

Answer 17

a process by which members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups become absorbed into the dominant culture

Question 18

ethnic pluralism

Answer 18

the coexistence of a variety of distinct t racial and ethnic groups within one society

Question 19

segregation

Answer 19

a term used to describe the spatial and social separation of categories of people by race/ethnicity, class, gender and/or religion.

Question 20

internal colonialism

Answer 20

according to conflict theorists, a situation in which members of a racial or ethnic group are conquered or colonized and forcibly placed under the economic and political control of the dominant group

Question 21

split labour market

Answer 21

a term used to describe the division of the economy into two areas of employment: a primary sector, or upper tier, composed of higher-paid (usually dominant group) workers in more secure jobs; and a secondary sector, or lower tier, composed of lower-paid (often subordinate group) workers in jobs with little security and hazardous working conditions.