Chapter 4 Key Terms

Question 1

Andenine (A)

Answer 1

One of 4 bases in DNA and RNA, pairs with Thymine in DNA and Uracil in RNA

Question 2

Nucleic acids

Answer 2

DNA and RNA, specialized for storage, transmission, and use of genetic information.

Question 3

Nucleotides

Answer 3

Monomers of nucleic acids, HAS a phosphate group

Question 4

Nucleoside

Answer 4

Pentose sugar + nitrogenous base (Purine or Pyrimidine), NO phosphate group

Question 5

Bases of RNA

Answer 5

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil

Question 6

Bases of DNA

Answer 6

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine

Question 7

Purines

Answer 7

Adenine (A) and Guanine (G), Fused Double Ring Structure

Question 8

Pyrimidines

Answer 8

Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T), 6-membered Single Ring Structure

Question 9

3 components of a Nucleoside

Answer 9

Base + Sugar (Ribose or Deoxyribose) + phosphate

Question 10

How are two Nucleotides joined?

Answer 10

Dehydration Synthesis

Question 11

What is the process that breaks down nucleic acids into nucleotides?

Answer 11

Hydrolysis

Question 12

Phosphodiester Linkages

Answer 12

Bond between two nucleotides after dehydration synthesis

Question 13

Complementary Base Pairning

Answer 13

Purines pair with pyrimidines via hydrogen bonds, AT, CG

Question 14

Double Helix

Answer 14

Two strands of DNA, sugar phosphate sides, purine and pyrimidine are rungs

Question 15

Genome

Answer 15

All the DNA in an organism

Question 16

Replication

Answer 16

Duplication of genetic material

Question 17

Spontaneous generation

Answer 17

Creating life from inanimate objects