Chapter 3 Key Terms

Question 1

Isomers

Answer 1

Molecules with same chemical formula but atoms arranged differently

Question 2

Structural Isomers

Answer 2

Differ in how atoms are joined together

Question 3

Cis-trans isomers

Answer 3

Different orientations around double bond

Question 4

Optical Isomers

Answer 4

C atom has four different groups attached to it (asymmetric carbon)

Question 5

Macromolecule

Answer 5

Polymer containing thousands or more atoms

Question 6

Functional Groups

Answer 6

Small groups of atoms that have specific chemical properties

Question 7

Hydroxyl

Answer 7

R—OH. Polar, form Hydrogen bonds, Enters linkage with other molecules by condensation.

Question 8

Carboxyl

Answer 8

R—C—O—OH, Charged, acidic, enters condensation reaction by giving up -OH

Question 9

Amino

Answer 9

R—N—H—H, Charged, acidic, Accepts H+ to form NH3, enters condensation reaction by giving up H+

Question 10

Phosphate

Answer 10

R—O—P—O—O—O, Charged, Basic, enters condensation reaction by giving up —OH, hydrolysis releases energy when bonded to another phosphate

Question 11

Condensation Reaction

Answer 11

Release H2O to form Polymers

Question 12

Hydrolysis Reactions

Answer 12

Break down polymers into monomers, energy released, H20 consumed

Question 13

Amino Acids

Answer 13

Monomers of Proteins.Made of Central Carbon, Basic Amino group, Acidic Carboxyl group, and Variable R group.

Question 14

Polypeptide Chain

Answer 14

Single unbranched chain of amino acids, folded in to 3-D shapes based on amino acid sequence.

Question 15

R-Group

Answer 15

Variable groups that also contain functional groups

Question 16

Peptide Linkages/Bonds

Answer 16

How amino acids bond together covalently in a condensation reaction

Question 17

Primary Structure

Answer 17

Sequence of amino acids determines how protein is folded and secondary and tertiary structures

Question 18

Denatured Protein

Answer 18

Protein whose secondary and tertiary structure has been broken down