Chapter 4 - Into to Myology Flashcards
What is the purpose of tendons ?
It is to connect muscles to bone.
What is aponeurosis ?
It is a broad flat sheet of dense/thick fibrous collagenous connective tissue that covers, invest, and forms the terminations and attachments of various muscles.
“palm of the hands and the feet”
An aponeurosis is a type of connective tissue that provides a point for a muscle to attach to a bone or cartilage. You may be thinking that a tendon also attaches muscle to bone, and you are correct. So, how is an aponeurosis different than a tendon?
An aponeurosis is a type of connective tissue found throughout the body.
1. Aponeuroses provide an attachment point for muscles to connect to bone,
2. envelope muscles and organs,
3. bind muscles together, and bind muscles to other tissues.
They are important for muscle movement and posture.
Aponeuroses are thin and sheet-like, while tendons are thick and rope-like.
The connection between muscles and tendons called ?
Musculotendinous Junction (MTJ)
What is tendoperiosteal junction ?
It is the connection between tendon and a bone.
What is the central position of the muscle?
It is the belly
What is the different between tendon and aponeurosis?
An aponeurosis looks quite different than a tendon. If you placed them next to each other, you would have no trouble telling them apart. An aponeurosis is made of layers of delicate, thin sheaths. Tendons, in contrast, are tough and rope-like. An aponeurosis is made primarily of bundles of collagen fibers (collagen is the primary component of your body’s connective tissues) distributed in regular parallel patterns, which makes an aponeurosis resilient.
Aponeuroses (also called aponeurotica) function differently than tendons. When a muscle moves by flexing or extending, an aponeurosis acts like a spring to bear the extra pressure and tension. A tendon, on the other hand, moves a bone when a muscle contracts. Tendons allow the body to move and be flexible while aponeuroses allow the body to be strong and stable.
Aponeuroses can act as fascia, a fibrous tissue that envelopes muscles or organs, to bind muscles together or to other tissues.
Let’s take a closer look at three examples of aponeuroses, starting at the top of your head.
What is Myology ?
It is the study of muscles where muscles move the various part of the body either by making the part move or by allowing it to move.
It is one of at least 2 extensions of a particular muscle belly that attaches via its own tendon , what is it called ?
Head
The contraction of a muscle where there is no movement ?
Isometric
Isotonic contraction is ?
- when the muscle contracts against a resistance that is not changing (e.g lifting a 5 kg weight) , and the muscle changes in length, it is an isotonic contraction
- tension develops to a point and then remains constant while
the muscle changes its length. - Once the muscle tension slightly exceeds the load, muscular contraction can then be used to shorten the muscle and move the load.
- It’s important to note that force does not change in the muscle while it’s shortening - hence the term isotonic contraction.
Concentric contraction occurs when the muscle shortens?
True or False
True
eccentric contraction occurs when the muscle lengthens?
True or False ?
True
When a muscle is generating force but is unable to overcome the force, the muscle will undergo a lengthening or ————?
eccentric contraction
Two muscle attachment are moving away from each other, what is the name of the contraction ?
eccentric contraction
This contraction is effectively used to control movement or to act as a brake to movement ?
eccentric contraction
The tension is greater than the resistance, the muscle undergoes a ———- or ———–?
shortening or concentric contraction
———-contraction that pulls the 2 attachments closer together?
Concentric contraction
When a muscle develops tension, it pulls on the attachments of the muscle ?
concentric contraction
When a muscle contracts a resistance that is not changing , leads to muscle shortening and changes in length ?
Isotonic Contraction
When a muscle contracts against resistance with no visible change in the muscle length ?
Isometric contraction
To move something, one muscle attachment is usually ——– in position and the other muscle attachment is the one that ———–?
Fixed, moves
The attachment that is fixed called ?
origin or proximal
the attachment that moves called ?
distal or insertion
In reference to muscle attachment, what is the contraction assumption in all cases ?
concentric contraction
What are the 4 muscle functions ?
- Prime mover (aka agonist)
- Antagonist
- Stabilizer (aka fixators)
- Synergists (neutralizer, neutralizing synergists)
It is the primary that is causing movement ———-and give an example?
Prime mover (aka.agonist)
e. g. - hamstrings for flexion of the knee
- quadriceps is the prime mover for the knee extension
The muscle that opposes specific action ——-
Antagonist muscle
eg. - Biceps Vs Triceps
- Hamstrings (perform knee flexion) Vs quadriceps (perform knee
extension )
The muscles that ——-the more proximal joints during actions of the more distal joints ? e.g ?
Stabilize (Stabilizers aka Fixators)
e.g the lower back stabilize the trunk so that the hip flexor can lift the leg
The muscle that assists the prime mover in a given action—–
The Synergists (aka neutralizes, neutralizing synergists) e.g large calf muscles point the toes - small muscles
——–connective tissue that runs throughout the body to provide structure and support ?
Fascia
The fascia of the thigh called ———-
Fascia Lata - it is a connective tissue that invests throughout the thigh and surrounds the thigh muscles in a dense tubular sheath.
Fascia Lata thickens laterally, this is very strong part of the fascia called ——–
Iliotibial band
——————attaches superiorly to the tubercle of the lilac crest and inferiorly to Gerdy’s tubercle and patella?
iliotibial band (tract)
