Chapter 2- Movement of Terminology

Question 1

Please a identify the 3 essential planes ?

Answer 1

1. mid-sagittal (aka median) plane
2. frontal/coronal
3. transverse/horizontal

Question 2

Identify the properties of the mid-sagittal plane?

Answer 2

• runs vertically in an anterior/posterior direction
• divides the body equally into the right & left portions
• any plane that is parallel to the mid-sagittal plane is called a
  “sagittal plane”

Question 3

Identify the transverse/horizontal plane ?

Answer 3

• runs horizontally
• rotational movement
• divides the part of the body into superior & inferior portions

Question 4

What is an Axis ?

Answer 4

Axis is an imaginary line around which a movement (rotation) takes place.

Question 5

Plane & Axis around always @ 90degree with each other? True or False

Answer 5

• True(Plane & Axis around always @ 90degree with each other)

Question 6

The Axis plane has 3 directions , identify them ?

Answer 6

1. Vertical (aka longitudinal) axis.
2. medial-lateral (M-L) axis.
3. anterior-posterior (A-P) axis.

Question 7

Identify the longitudinal axis?

Answer 7

• an imaginary line around which movements occur in the
  horizontal plane.
• Belongs to the horizontal plane

Question 8

what is the M-L axis? identify it ?

Answer 8

• Medial-lateral axis
• an imaginary line around which movements occur on the
  sagittal/mid-sagittal plane
• belongs to the sagittal plane

Question 9

What is A-P axis ?

Answer 9

• it is an anterior - posterior axis
• an imaginary line around which movements occur in the
  frontal plane.
• belongs to the frontal plane

Question 10

movements in the ——plane happens around a medial-lateral axis ?

Answer 10

sagittal/mid-sagittal

Question 11

movements in the frontal plane happen around a ——–axis?

Answer 11

Anterior- Posterior

Question 12

movements in the —..plane happen around a vertical axis?

Answer 12

Horizontal/transverse , e.g head rotation

Question 13

what is motions ?

Answer 13

• movements happen at joints (connection between 2 bones)
• actions can be referenced by the movement at the joint or by
  the part of the body that is moving
• movements do not change if the person is standing, lying, supine or
  prone

Question 14

There are 10 motions that state movements ? what are those motions ?

Answer 14

1. flexion(abbr.fl)
2. extension(abbr.ext)
3. abduction(abbr.abd)
4. adduction(abbr.add)
5. external rotation (lateral rotation) (abbr.ER)
6. internal rotation (medial rotation) (abbr IR)
7. rotation of the spine
8. pronation , supination
9. inversion / eversion
10. circumduction

Question 15

What is a plane ?

Answer 15

• it is an imaginary line along which movement takes place

- no height & no length

Question 16

A combination of movements ?

Answer 16

-circumduction

Question 17

rotational movements on the forearm and foot & in which plane the movement occur?

Answer 17

• supination , pronation

- transverse/horizontal plane

Question 18

A movement in the transverse plane , and around a vertical axis, directions must be clarified by left or right? furthermore when rotation of the spine is discussed vertebral body (the front of the spine) is the point of reference.

Answer 18

• rotation of the spine

Question 19

A movement in the transverse plane around a vertical axis that moves the body part inwards (e.g medial rotation of the arm)?

Answer 19

• internal rotation (medial rotation) (abbr.IR)

Question 20

A movement in the transverse plane around a vertical axis that moves the body part outwards? & give an example

Answer 20

• external rotation (lateral rotation) (abbr.ER)

- e.g lateral rotation of the shoulder

Question 21

A movement in the frontal plane and around anterior-posterior axis that moves the body towards the median plane? give example

Answer 21

• Adduction(abbr add)
• e.g adduction of the arm
• e.g horizontal adduction of the arm from a flexed position

Question 22

A movement in the frontal plane and an anterior-posterior axis that moves the body part away from the median plane ? give an example?

Answer 22

• Abduction
• e.g abduction of the arm
• horizontal abduction from a flexed position

Question 23

a movement along the sagittal plane and around a medial-lateral axis that moves part of the body anteriorly form anatomical position ?

Answer 23

Flexion

Question 24

a movement along the sagittal plane and around a medial-lateral axis that moves part of the lower limb posteriorly form anatomical position ?

Answer 24

flexion

Question 25

A movement along the sagittal plane around a medial-lateral axis that bends the joint or decreases the angle between 2 body parts? give an example ? note -Spine does not apply

Answer 25

- Flexion | - Flexion of the elbow

Question 26

A movement along the sagittal plane and around a medial-lateral axis that moves part of the body posteriorly form anatomical position ? the above noted the lower limb, exceptions apply

Answer 26

-Extension - (abbr.ext)

Question 27

A movement along the sagittal plane and around a medial-lateral axis that straighten the joint or increases the angle between body parts ? give an example?

Answer 27

- extension (abbr.ext) - e.g extension at the knee - e.g flexion of the hip , extension of the knee

Question 28

Identify the Axis & the movements for the following planes; 1. sagittal/mid-sagittal, 2. coronal/frontal, 3. horizontal/transverse ?

Answer 28

``` 1. sagittal/mid-sagittal. axis - M-L , movement - flexion & extension 2. coronal/frontal, axis- A-P, movement - abd & add 3. horizontal/transverse axis-vertical movement - int. rotation & ext rotation pronation & supination ```