Chapter 4 Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Flashcards
What does ID & IDD stand for?
Intellectual Disabilities & Intellectual Developmental Disabilities
What are the three important factors for classifying IDD or ID?
Includes IQ cutoff scores ~70, deficits in adaptive functioning, and age of onset (prior to 18 years of age)
What is Global Developmental Delay?
This diagnosis is given to children under 5 years of age, and used to indicate that a child is not meeting developmental expectations
What are some of the adaptive functioning skills that are limited in cases of IDD or ID?
Communication, social participation, and independent living
What is one of the limitations of ID or IDD classification
That children who lack stimulation or have been deprived of adequate opportunity to develop their cognitive skills may also score very low on IQ tests
Adaptive functioning may also be influenced by what?
motivation, comorbid conditions, deprivation, opportunities to access supportive services, and family support
What are some of the most common comorbid disorders?
ADHD, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and disorders of impulse control
What is the cause of Down syndrome?
That a chromosomal abnormality involving chromosomal 21
What is Prader-Willi syndrome?
It is often recognized at birth because of low muscle tine and low reflex response, additionally the physical features include short stature, small hands and feet, but also accompanies problems of impassivity, temper tantrums, compulsive eating, and to some degree ID
What is Williams syndrome? AKA (WS)
WS is a neurodevelopmental disorder which chromosome 7 is deleted. Individuals have a 50% chance of genetic transmission. 95% show signs of developmental delay, and 80% has been shown to have cardiovascular problems. Strengths include: verbal short term memory, remarkable musical talent, and hypersociability. Poor in visual spacial and visual motor integration
What are the environmental toxins during prenatal development?
Teratogens
What are the characteristics of FAS fetal alcohol syndrome
slow central nervous system dysfunction, hyperactivity, irritability, unusual facial features(underdeveloped upper lip and flattened nose, widely spaced eyes
What are the four prominent categories to define Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
DSM 5 includes: deficits in social communication and social interaction, and restrictive patterns of behavior
Social:
Social-emotional reciprocity, nonverbal communication and development and maintenance of relationships
restrictive patterns: 2-4 must be present
motor movements, rituals, fixated interests, hyper/hypo response to sensory information
The AAIDD, American association on intellectual and developmental disabilities, considers an intellectual disability a medical condition or a psychiatric disorder
True or false?
False
Currently, the intellectual threshold for ID is considered to be?
65-75
