Chapter 4 Infection Control Flashcards
AIDS
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
Disease that breaks down the body’s immune system
Acquired Immunity
Developed after overcoming disease, inoculation/vaccination, or exposure to natural allergens.
Allergy
Reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances.
Antiseptics
Chemical germicide for use on skin
Registered and regulated by the Food and Drug Administration
Asymptomatic
Showing no signs or symptoms of infection
Bacilli
Short rod-shaped bacteria
The most common bacteria
Cause tetanus (lockjaw), typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria
Bacteria
Single-celled microorganism
Have both plant and animal characteristics
Harmful or harmless
Bacterial spores
Bacteria capable of producing protective coating
Allows them to withstand very harsh environments
Shed coating when conditions become favorable
Bactericidal
Capable of destroying bacteria
Binary fission
Division of bacterial cells into 2 new cells called daughter cells
Biofilms
Microorganisms colonies
Stick/adhere
Bloodborne pathogens
Disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood or body fluids
Such as hepatitis or HIV
Cilia
Hairlike extensions that protrude from cells and help sweep away fluids and particles
Cocci
Round shaped bacteria
Appear singly or in groups
Three types:
Staphylococci, streptococcai, and diplococci
Communicable
Able to be communicated
Transferable by contact from one person to another
Contagious disease
AKA Communicable Disease
Spread from one person to another
Examples:
Cold, ringworm, conjunctivitis (pink eye), viral infections
Contamination
Presence of germs
Diagnosis
Determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms and/or tests.
Federal regulations prohibit salon professionals from performing a diagnosis
Diplococci
Spherical bacteria
Grow in pairs
Cause diseases such as pneumonia
Direct transmission
Transmission of blood or body fluids
Through touch (shaking hands, kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking)
Disease
Abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systems or organs
Makes the body incapable of carrying on normal function
Disinfectants
Chemical products approved by EPA
Designed to destroy most bacteria (excluding spores), fungi, and viruses on surfaces.
Disinfection (disinfecting)
Chemical process to destroy harmful organisms (except bacterial spores)
Efficacy
The ability of a product to produce the intended effect
On a disinfectant label, it indicates specific pathogens destroyed or disabled when used properly
Exposure incident
Contact with nonintact (broken) skin, body fluid, or other potentially infectious materials, which is the result of the performance of an employee’s duties.
Flagella
Slender, hair-like extensions used by bacilli and spirilla for locomotion
Fungi
Single-celled organisms that grow in irregular masses
Fungicidal
Capable of destroying molds and fungi
Hepatitis
Bloodborne virus that causes disease
Can damage liver
Hospital disinfectants
Disinfectants effective for cleaning blood and body fluids on nonporous surfaces
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Virus that causes HIV and acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIDS
Immunity
Ability of the body to destroy and resist infection
Can be either natural or acquired and is a sign of good health
Inactive stage
AKA spore-forming stage
Ability of some bacteria to form protective coating during harsh environments
Indirect transmission
Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with intermediate contaminated object
Example razor, extractor, nipper, or environmental surface
Infection
Invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens
Infection control
Methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms
Infectious
Caused or capable of being transmitted by infection
Infectious disease
Caused by harmful (pathogenic) microorganisms
May or may not be spread from person to person
Inflammation
Body’s reaction to injury, irritation, or infection
Redness, pain, heat, swelling
Local infection
Infection confined to a particular part if the body and appears as a lesion containing pus
MRSA
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
Infectious bacteria highly resistant to conventional treatments such as antibiotics
Strong staphylococcus that fights against antibiotics
Microorganism
Any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size
Mildew
Type of fungus that affects plants or grows on inanimate objects but does not cause human infections in the barbershop
Motility
Self-movement
Multiuse
AKA reusable
Items that can be cleaned, disinfected, and used on more than one person, even if the item is exposed to blood or body fluid.
Natural immunity
Partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living
Nonpathogenic
Harmless microorganisms
May perform useful functions
Safe to come in contact with since they do not cause disease or harm
Nonporous
Made or constructed of material that has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquids
Occupational disease
Illness resulting from conditions associated with employment
Such as prolonged and repeated overexposure to products or ingredients
Parasites
Organisms that need a host
Parasitic disease
caused by parasites such as lice or mites
“tant”
A product
“ing” or “tion”
The process of
“cidal”
To kill/destroy
Decontamination meaning
Remove germs
Levels of Decomtamination
Lowest: Sanitation
Second: Disinfection
Highest: Sterilization
Sanitation
Chemical process
Reducing germs
Disinfection
Chemical process
Destroys harmful organisms
EXCEPT bacterial spores
Sterilization
Process completely destroys ALL microbial life
INCLUDING spores
Cleaning
MECHANICAL process
Soap/detergent and water
Removes visible debris
What are the 2 types of bacteria?
Pathogenic
Nonpathogenic
4 types of pathogens
Bacteria
Fungi
Virus
Parasite
Virus
Parasitic
Submicroorganism particle that infects
