Chaper 1 History Flashcards
Barbering is one of the oldest __________ in the world.
Professions
Almost all cultures practiced some form of _________ and _________, given the archeological evidence found in ________ ________, early sculptures, and ________ ________.
Beautification
Adornment
Painted pottery
Burial mounds
Knowing the history of your profession can help you _______ and understand upcoming ________.
Predict
Trends
Barbering has a rich ______, stretching back millennia.
History
_____ or strips of hide were used as adornment, and braiding techniques were employed in many cultures.
a. Animal sinew
b. Animal muscle
c. Cow hides
d. Animal products
a. Animal sinew
Archeologists can trace the barbering profession as far back as:
A. The Industrial Revolution
B. The Middle Ages
C. The glacial age
D. The renaissance period
C. The glacial age
What type of systems elevated tribal barbers to positions of importance, becoming medicine men, shamans, or priests?
A. Belief
B. Religious
C. Value
D. Moral
A. Belief
Many primitive cultures maintained a connection between what three things?
Body, mind, and spirit
Which ancient civilization is credited with being the first to cultivate hair and beauty in a fashionable way?
A. The Romans
B. The Egyptians
C. The Greeks
D. The Masai warriors
B. The Egyptians
What Egyptian barber has a has a statue in his honor?
A. Moses
B. Ticinius Mena
C. Alexander the Great
D. Meryma’at
D. Meryma’at
Greek-Sicilian barbers from Sicily introduced _______ to Rome between ______ and _______.
Shears
800 and 700 BC
Barba is the Latin word for _______.
Beard
What word comes from the Latin tondere, meaning “to shear”?
A. Queue
B. Tonsorial
C. Anno domini
D. Henna
B. Tonsorial
According to the Greek philosopher and mathematician ________ the hair was the brain’s inspiration.
Pythagoras
Leader of the Macedonian troops
Alexander the Great
Accidentally burned his head with a torch
Francis I of France
1972 was the year the Roman-Catholic church abolished this practice
Tonsure
Grew his beard to hide the scars on his chin
Emperor Hadrian
Believed cutting hair decreased intellectual capacity
Pythagoras
During the nineteenth century in France, men and women showed appreciation for antiquity by wearing variations of the _________, the style of the early Roman emperors.
Caesar cut
Flint-bladed razors found in Egyptian pyramids were used by the ruling class for:
A. Skinning animals
B. Shaving the head and face
C. Sacrificing slaves
D. Weapons in battle
B. Shaving the head and face
A form of tweezers was in use by the year:
A. 40,000-10,000 BC
B. 8000-5000 BC
C. 4000 BC
D. 7000 BC
C. 4000 BC
Who shaved with obsidian blades
Mesopotamians
Who were clean shaven by 2800 BC
Sumerians
Who frequented local barbers for services
Greek men of 1000 BC
In _____, a young man’s 22nd birthday constituted a rite of passage from boyhood to manhood. On this day he received his first ______.
Rome
Shave
Considered the father of modern surgery
Ambroise Paré
Year barber-surgeons formed their first organization in France
1096 AD
Most learned and educated people at the time
Monks and priests
Period in which wigs became very fashionable
1700s-1800s
Duties previously performed by clergy
Bloodletting
Location of school of St. Cosmos and St. Domain
Paris, France
Name associated with barbers for over a thousand years
Barber-surgeons
City where the Guild of Company of Barbers-Surgeons was formed
London, England
Year that barbers and surgeons were separated again in England
1745
Year barbers took over the duties previously performed by the clergy
1163
The symbolic history of the barber pole can be directly related to the technical procedure if ___________ performed by _____________.
Bloodletting
Barber-surgeons
334 BC Who prohibited the wearing of beards in battle, so shaving gains popularity.
Alexander the Great
Ticinius Mena
Sicilian credited with bringing barbering and shaving to Rome in 296 BC
A. B. Moler
1893
America’s first barber school
Chicago, Illinois
AMBBA
Association Master Barbers Beauticians America
Journeyman Barber Groups
Organizations representing barber EMPLOYEES
Master barber groups
Organizations representing the barber EMPLOYERS
Tonsorial
related to the cutting, clipping, or trimming of hair with shears or a razor
Tonsure
Shaved patch on crown of head
1985
Over 50% barber students are female
1995
Over 50% barber students are African American
1925
Associated Master Barbers of America establishes the National Education Council to improve and standardize barbering education.
Some states move away from barber-specific licenses in favor of general cosmetology licensing. Unisex salons pull clients away from barbershops, along with popularity of full-service salons and spas in 1990s.
1980s
2010s
Reemergence of beards on young men and investment in art of male upkeep has barbering booming: number of new barbers up by 10% in two years. Large-scale “barber battle” competitions grow in popularity.
1750-1850
Wigs in vogue in Europe and worn in the American colonies by the upper classes; barbers add wigmaking and maintenance to tonsorial services.
Surgeons again separate from barbers and form the Company of Surgeons (becomes Royal College of Surgeons in
1800); complete separation of barbers from surgeons enacted by law; barbers keep the barber pole as the sign of their profession.
1745
Henry VIII of England reunites the barbers and surgeons through an Act of Parliament to set up the Company of Barbers and Surgeons of London.
1540
English surgeon and barber guilds merge and become the Company of Barber-Surgeons until 1745; barbers restricted to blood-letting, tooth pulling, cauterization, and tonsorial services.
1450
Worshipful Company of Barbers guild founded in London, England; two groups formed: barbers who practiced barbering and those who practiced surgery.
1308
Year and location of the formation of the Journeyman Barbers’ international Union of America
1887
New York
First state to pass barber licensing laws and what year
Minnesota
1897
Year the first Moler manual of barbering published
1893
Year and location the Associated Master Barbers of America was formed
1924
Chicago, Illinois
Group the AMBBA represented
Shop and salon owners
Standardized the operation of barber schools
National Association of Barber Schools
Standardized and upgraded barber training
National Educational Council
Organized in St. Paul, Minnesota
National Association of State Board of Barber examiners
Which organization adopted the barber code of ethics
AMBBA
Which country is credited with being the first to develop barbering as an art?
Greece
What is the primary function of state barber boards?
Protection of
Health, safety, and welfare of
Public
What are the characteristics sometimes associated with wearing a beard?
Social status
Wisdom
Religion
Manhood
Who imposed a tax on beards?
Peter the Great