Chapter 4: Identifying potential hazards Flashcards
Matter is found and what three states?
Gas, liquid,solid
The ERG establishes separate initial isolation distance is based solely on the involve products state of matter
Solid- 75 feet
Liquid- 150 feet
Gases- 330 feet
The Least mobile of the three states of matter
Solids
Unit of measure typically use to express particle size
Micron
Physical properties
The characteristics of a material that do not involve the chemistry or chemical nature of the material
Vapor pressure
The pressure exerted by a saturated vapor above its own liquid in a closed container
Boiling point
The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas at a given pressure.
BLEVE
Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion
When can BLEVEs occur
They can occur when a liquid within a container is heated, causing the material inside to boil or vaporize.(such as in the case of a liquefied petroleum gas tank exposed to a fire)
A vapor density less than one indicates?
A vapor lighter than air
A vapor density greater than one indicates what?
A vapor heavier than air
Miscibility
Describes the ability of two or more gases or liquids to mix with or to dissolve into each other
A specific gravity less than one indicates what?
A substance lighter than water (float)
A specific gravity greater than one indicates what?
A substance heavier than water (sink)
Persistence
A chemical’s ability to remain in the environment
Viscosity
Measure of a liquid’s internal friction at a given temperature
Flashpoint
The minimum temperature at which a liquid or a volatile solid gives off sufficient vapors at its lowest explosive limit to form in ignitable mixture with air
Fire point
The temperature at which a liquid or volatile substance gives off enough vapors to support continuous burning
The________ temperature of a Substance is the minimum temperature to which the fuel in air must be heated to initiate self sustain combustion without Initiation from an independent ignition source.
Autoignition Temperature
This temperature, also known as the___________, is the point at which of you spontaneously ignites.
Ignition temperature
(LEL) Lower explosive limit or
(LFL) Lower flammable limit
Lower limit at which a flammable gas or vapor will ignite and support combustion
Below this limit the gas with vapor is to Lean or Thin to burn
(LEL) Lower explosive limit or
(LFL) Lower flammable limit
(UFL) Upper flammable limit or
(UEL) Upper explosive limit
Upper limit at which a flammable gas or vapor will ignite
Above this limit the gas or vapor is too rich to burn lacks the proper quantity of oxygen
(UFL) Upper flammable limit or
(UEL) Upper explosive limit
The corrosivity of acids and bases is often measured or expressed in terms of?
pH
Any chemical that ionizes (dissociates) to yield Hydrogen ions (hydronium) in water.
Acid
Acids have PH values of?
0 to 6.9
Base (alkalis)have a pH value of?
7.1 to 14
The chemical____________ of a substance describes its related ability to undergo a chemical reaction with itself or other materials.
Reactivity
Commonly react vigorously or violently with air, water, heat, light each other or other materials.
Reactive materials
Minimum energy that start a chemical reaction
Activation energy
Substance that readily gives off large quantities of oxygen thereby stimulating combustion
Strong oxidizer
The ________In the fire tetrahedron acts as a fuel source for the reaction
Reducing agent
Reducing agent
Fuel that is being oxidized or burn during combustion also known as reducer
____________ are materials that encourage a strong reaction( by readily excepted electrons) from reducing agents (fuel)
Strong oxidizers
What are the four types of ionizing radiation
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
neutron
Particles that have a physical mass but have no electrical charge. (Highly penetrative)
Neutron
Colorless odorless dangerous gas both toxic and flammable form by the incomplete combustion of carbon
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Colorless, toxic and flammable liquid until it reaches 79°FAbove the temperature it becomes a gas with the faint odor similar to bitter almonds
Hydrogen cyanide (HCN)
Colorless odorless heavier than air gas that neither supports combustion nor burnsUsing portable fire extinguishers as an extinguishing agent to extinguish class B or C fires
(CO2)
Two materials that do not readily dissolve into each other are considered?
Immiscible
