Chapter 4: Human Movement Science

Question 1

Abduction

Answer 1

Movement of a body part away from the middle of the body

Question 2

Adduction

Answer 2

Movement of a body part toward the middle of the body

Question 3

Anterior (or ventral)

Answer 3

On the front of the body

Question 4

Biomechanics

Answer 4

The study of mechanics in the human body

Question 5

Concentric contraction

Answer 5

The shortening of a muscle.

Moving in opposite direction of force. Accelerates or produces force.

Question 6

Contralateral

Answer 6

Positioned on the opposite side of the body

Question 7

Distal

Answer 7

Positioned farthest from the center of the body

Question 8

Eccentric contraction

Answer 8

The lengthening of a muscle.

Moving in the same direction as the resistance. Decelerates or reduces force.

Question 9

Extension

Answer 9

The straightening of a joint, causing the angle to the joint to increase

Question 10

External feedback

Question 11

External rotation

Answer 11

Rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body

Question 12

Feedback

Question 13

Flexion

Answer 13

The bending of a joint, causing the angle of the joint to decrease

Question 14

Force

Answer 14

An influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object

Question 15

Force couple relationships

Answer 15

Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint

Question 16

Frontal plane

Answer 16

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves

Question 17

Inferior

Answer 17

Positioned below a point of reference

Question 18

Internal feedback

Question 19

Internal rotation

Answer 19

Rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body

Question 20

Ipsilateral

Answer 20

Positioned on the same side of the body

Question 21

Isometric contraction

Answer 21

A muscle maintaining a certain length.

No visible movement with or against resistance. Dynamically stabilizes force.

Question 22

Lateral

Answer 22

Toward the outside of the body

Question 23

Length tension relationships

Answer 23

The length at which a muscle can produce the greatest force

Question 24

Medial

Answer 24

Positioned near the middle of the body

Question 25

Motor behavior

Answer 25

The process of the body responding to internal and external stimuli

Question 26

Motor control

Answer 26

The study of posture and movements and the involved structures and mechanisms that the central nervous system uses to assimilate and integrate sensory information with previous experiences

Question 27

Motor learning

Question 28

Posterior (or dorsal)

Answer 28

On the back of the body

Question 29

Proprioception

Answer 29

The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movements

Question 30

Proximal

Answer 30

Positioned nearest the center of the body

Question 31

Rotary motion

Answer 31

Movement of the bones around the joints

Question 32

Sagittal plane

Answer 32

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves

Question 33

Sensorimotor integration

Answer 33

The cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering information, interpreting, and executing movement

Question 34

Superior

Answer 34

Positioned above a point of reference

Question 35

Synergies

Answer 35

Groups of muscles that are recruited by the central nervous system to provide movement

Question 36

Torque

Answer 36

A force that produces rotation

Question 37

Transverse plane

Answer 37

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves

Question 38

Altered reciprocal inhibition

Question 39

Synergistic dominance

Answer 39

When synergists take over for a weak or inhibited prime mover