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RUSSIA: Chapter 4: Stalin > Chapter 4: Growth Of A Police State and show trials > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Growth Of A Police State and show trials Flashcards

1
Q

When was the congress of victors?

A

February 1934

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2
Q

What happened in February 1934?

A

Congress of victors

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3
Q

What happened in the February 1934 Congress of victors?

A

Delegates from the USSR came together to celebrate Stalin’s industrial policy. 1/4 voted against the re-election in the central commitee but Stalin covered it up

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4
Q

What proportion voted against Stalin’s re-election in the Central Committee in the February 1934?

A

1/4 but Stalin covered it out

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5
Q

What was the name of the congress that had began the Great terror?

A

‘Congress of the Damned’

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6
Q

What happened within three years from the February 1934 Congress of Victors?

A

1000/12,000 delegates were executed

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7
Q

How did Stalin feel after the Congress of Victors in February 1934?

A

Unable to trust anyone

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8
Q

What was the impact of the fall of Zinoviev, Trotsky and Bukharin on Stalin?

A

Felt that he would fall victim to the same fate

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9
Q

Why was Stalin fearful of older communists?

A

Feared that they would know the truth of his rise

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10
Q

Who could Stalin blame as a result of the Great Terror?

A

Able to blame economic problems on political enemies

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11
Q

What did the purges provide?

A

Cheap labour

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12
Q

How many convictions were there in 1931?

A

180,696

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13
Q

In what year were there 180,696 convictions?

A

1931

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14
Q

How many executions were there in 1931?

A

10,651

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15
Q

In what year were there 10,651 executions?

A

1931

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16
Q

How many convictions were there in 1936

A

274,670

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17
Q

In what year were there 274,670 convictions?

A

1936

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18
Q

How many executions were there in 1936?

A

1,118

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19
Q

In what year were there 1,118 execution?

A

1936

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20
Q

Why were there less executions in 1936?

A

More convicts used for forced labour

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21
Q

What was the impact of terror economics?

A

Able to employ labour through convictions

Able to blame economic problems and weakness on political enemies (wreckers)

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22
Q

What was Nikolayev accused of?

A

Convicted of murder and accused as a member of the secret Trotsky-ite group

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23
Q

Who was convicted of murder and accused as a member of the secret Trotsky-ite group?

A

Nikolayev

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24
Q

How did Stalin use Nikolayev’s trial?

A

Rid him of all politcal opponents

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25
Q

Was Nikolayev a member of any secret group?

A

Not a member of any secret group and no evidence of an organised ploy to bring down Soviets and there was no evidence that Stalin was apart of this

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26
Q

What was the role of Chistka between 1932-3?

A

Oversaw their removal of 20% of the party, non violently, as part of a post collectivisation clearing out process

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27
Q

Who oversaw their removal of 20% of the party, non violently, as part of a post collectivisation clearing out process between 1932-3?

A

Chistka

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28
Q

When had Chistka removed 20% of the party, non violently, as part of a post collectivisation clearing out process?

A

1932-33

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29
Q

What happened in September 1936?

A

Yagoda was replaced with Yezhov People’s Commissar for Internal Affairs (Head of NKVD)

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30
Q

When had Yagoda was replaced with Yezhov as People’s Commissar for Internal Affairs (Head of NKVD)?

A

September 1936

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31
Q

Who replaced Yagoda in September 1936 as the People’s Commissar for Internal Affairs (Head of NKVD)?

A

Yezhov

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32
Q

How did Stalin regard Yagoda?

A

Never trusted him

Thought of him as incompetent (Trial of Sixteen not harsh enough)

33
Q

What happened to the NKVD between 1936-7?

A

Radicalisation of the NKVD

34
Q

When had Stalin began to question the loyalty of Yagoda?

A

From a 1928 secret report

35
Q

What happened in March 1938?

A

Yagoda was executed

36
Q

When was Yagoda executed?

A

March 1938

37
Q

What change happened to the NKVD?

A

Purged

38
Q

How did Stalin speed things up?

A

Set targets for arrests executions and exiles
NKVD itself was purged
New recruits were thugs or career administrators

39
Q

When was the trial of Sixteen?

A

August 1936

40
Q

What happened in August 1936?

A

Trial of Sixteen

41
Q

What was the August 1936 Trial of Sixteen purging?

A

The left

42
Q

Who was on trial in the August 1936 Trial of Sixteen?

A

Zinoviev, Kamenev and 14 other comrades

43
Q

What trial included Zinoviev, Kamenev and 14 other comrades?

A

August 1936 Trial of Sixteen

44
Q

What purged the prominent leader of the left?

A

August 1936 Trial of Sixteen

45
Q

What were those on trial in the August 1936 Trial of Sixteen charged with?

A

Murder of Kirov
Conspiring with foreign powers
Plotting to disrupt the Five year power

46
Q

In what trial were those on trial charged with:
Murder of Kirov
Conspiring with foreign powers
Plotting to disrupt the Five year power

A

August 1936 Trial of Sixteen

47
Q

What was the result of the August 1936 Trial of Sixteen?

A

Zinoviev and Kamenev were both shot

48
Q

What trial led to Zinoviev and Kamenev both being shot?

A

August 1936 Trial of Sixteen

49
Q

How did Zinoviev attend his execution?

A

Weeping

50
Q

What happened around the time of the August 1936 Trial of Sixteen?

A

43 other high ranking officials (former allies of those who were executed) also disappeared around this time without explanation

51
Q

When had 43 other high ranking officials (former allies of those who were executed) disappeared without explanation?

A

Around the time of the August 1936 Trial of Sixteen

52
Q

When was the trial of seventeen?

A

1937

53
Q

What happened in 1937?

A

Trial of Seventeen

54
Q

Who was targeted in the 1937 trial of seventeen?

A

Trotsky and his supporters were targeted

55
Q

Who were those on trial charged with in the 1937 trial of seventeen?

A

Plotting with foreign powers
Terrorism
Sabotage
Contacting Trotsky

56
Q 
In what trial, were those convicted charged with:
Plotting with foreign powers
Terrorism 
Sabotage 
Contacting Trotsky
A

1937 trial of seventeen

57
Q

What techniques did Yezhov use?

A

Interrogation

E.g. Conveyor belt interrogation, where torture, sleep deprivation and questions happened until there was a confession

58
Q

In the 1937 Trial of Seventeen, how many were executed?

A

13/17

59
Q

In what trial were 13/17 of those on trial executed?

A

1937 Trial of Seventeen

60
Q

In the 1937 Trial of Seventeen, how many were sent to the gulags?

A

4 sent to the gulags to die

61
Q

In what trial were 4 people sent to the gulags?

A

1937 Trial of Seventeen

62
Q

What was an example of a forged confession?

A

More obvious (Confessing to murdering Kirov whilst they had been in custody)

63
Q

How did Stalin persuade the party to allow the execution of Zinoviev and Kamenev?

A

He promised that Bukharin would not have the same fate

64
Q

What was the impact of Stalin promising not to execute Bukharin?

A

Communist party accepted the execution of Zinoviev and Kamenev

65
Q

What happened on the 10th of September 1937?

A

Pravda announced the investigation against Bukharin was closed

66
Q

When had Pravda announced the investigation against Bukharin was closed?

A

10th September 1937

67
Q

Why was there the ‘sharpening class struggle’?

A

This term meant the bourgeoisie were increasing in the want to hold onto capitalism and would therefore fight and this was used an excuse for the terror under Stalin

68
Q

When was the doctrine of ‘sharpening class struggle’?

A

Feb-March Central Committee meeting of 1937

69
Q

What was adopted in the Feb-March Central Committee meeting of 1937?

A

Doctrine of ‘sharpening class struggle’

70
Q

What was the result of the Feb-March Central Committee meeting of 1937?

A

Despite the loyalty of those who attended, 70% would be executed in the next three months

71
Q

When was the trial of twenty one?

A

March 1938

72
Q

What happened in March 1938?

A

Trial of Twenty One

73
Q

What did the March 1938 Trial of Twenty One purge?

A

Right

74
Q

What trial purged the right side of the party?

A

March 1938: Trial of the Twenty One

75
Q

Who was put on trial in the March 1938 Trial of Twenty One?

A

Bukharin, Rykov and their accomplices

76
Q

In what trial were Bukharin, Rykov and their accomplices put on trial?

A

March 1938 Trial of Twenty One

77
Q

What were the charges in the March 1938 Trial of Twenty One?

A

Attempting to overthrow socialism
Murdering Kirov
Bukharin was charged with the assassination of Lenin

78
Q

In what trial were those charged with:
Attempting to overthrow socialism
Murdering Kirov
Bukharin was charged with the assassination of Lenin

A

March 1938 Trial of Twenty One

79
Q

What was the result of the March 1938 Trial of Twenty One?

A

Bukharin confessed to political responsibility for the crimes but never confessed to anything that actually happened, after Stalin threatened his wife and newborn child

RUSSIA: Chapter 4: Stalin (23 decks)

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