Chapter 4: Genes and Their Evolution: Population Genetics Flashcards
Abnormal hemoglobin
Hemoglobin altered so that it is less efficient in binding to and carrying oxygen
Admixture
Exchange of genetic material between two or more populations
Anthropogenic
Refers to any effect caused by humans
Balanced polymorphism
Situation in which selection maintains two or more phenotypes for a specific gene in a population
Capillaries
Small blood vessels between the terminal ends of arteries and the veins
Deme
A local population of organisms that have similar genes, interbreed, and produce offspring
Directional selection
Selection favors one allele over others, causing allele frequency to shift in one direction
Disruptive selection
Selection for both extremes of the phenotypic distribution; may eventually lead to a speciation event
Endogamous
Breeding stays within the population
Equilibrium
Stability & balance
Exogamous
Breed outside of population
Fitness
Avg number of offspring produced by parents with a particular genotype compared to that of another
Founder effect
Accumulation of random genetic changes in a small population that has become isolated from the parent population due to input of only a few colonizers
Frameshift mutation
The change in a gene due to the insertion or deletion of one or more nitrogen bases, which causes the subsequent triplets to be rearranged and the codons to be read incorrectly during translation
Gene pool
All the genetic info in the breeding population