Chapter 4: Formation Flashcards
joiners and loners
personal
affiliation
situational
attraction
interpersonal
A conceptual model of the primary dimensions that underlie individual differences in personality
Big Five theory of Personality
are oriented primarily toward inner perceptions and judgments of concepts and ideas
introverts
oriented primarily toward social experiences influential determinant of group behavior
extro/averts
the degree to which one’s values, attitudes, and outlooks emphasize, and facilitate establishing and maintaining, connections to others
relationality
The strength of social motives, such as the need for affiliation, the need for intimacy, and the need for power also predict one’s group-joining proclivities.
social motives
The dispositional tendency to seek out others.
need for affiliation
The dispositional tendency to seek warm, positive relationships with others
need for intimacy
the dispositional tendency to seek control over things organizing and initiating activities, assuming responsibility, and attempting to persuade others
need for power
A feeling of apprehension and embarrassment experienced when anticipating or actually interacting with other people.
Social anxiety
One’s characteristic approach to relationships with other people; the basic styles include secure, preoccupied, fearful, and dismissing, as defined by the dimensions of anxiety and avoidance.
Attachment style
high anxiety + high avoidance =?
fearful
high avoidance + low anxiety = ?
dismissing
high anxiety + low avoidance = ?
preoccupied
low avoidance + low anxiety = ?
secure
Evaluating the accuracy of personal beliefs and attitudes by comparing oneself to others
social comparison
assumes that people seek the company of others when they find themselves in ambiguous, frightening, and difficult circumstances.
theory of social comparison
comparing yourself to someone worse
downward comparison
comparing yourself to someone better
upward comparison
By choosing comparison targets who are performing poorly compared to themselves, individuals bolster their own sense of competence;
downward social comparison
By choosing superior targets, individuals can BIRG, as well as refine their expectations of themselves.
upward social comparison
A sense of belonging, emotional support, advice, guidance, tangible assistance, and spiritual perspective given to others when they experience stress, daily hassles, and more significant life crises
social support
occurs when the problem is a lack of a long-term, meaningful, intimate relationship with another person; this type of loneliness might be triggered by divorce, a breakup with a lover, or repeated romantic failures.
emotional loneliness
occurs when people feel cut off from their network of friends, acquaintances, and group members
social loneliness
the state or relation of being closely associated or affiliated
affiliation
People tend to like those who are situated nearby, in part because it increases the likelihood of increased social interaction
proximity principle
From a systems perspective, groups often emerge when additional elements (people) become linked to the original members.
elaboration principle
People like others who are similar to them in some way. In consequence, most groups tend toward increasing levels of homophily.
similarity principle
similarity of the members of a group in attitudes, values, demographic characteristics
homophily
The tendency for group members to like people who are dissimilar to them in ways that complement their personal qualities.
complementarily principle
Liking tends to be mutual
reciprocity principle
Individuals are attracted to groups that offer them maximum rewards and minimal costs.
minimax principle
maintains that satisfaction with group membership is primarily determined by comparison level (CL), whereas the comparison level for alternatives (CLalt) determines whether members will join, stay in, or leave a group.
social exchange theory
