Chapter 3: Inclusion and Identity Flashcards
the single individual changes from an outsider into an insider by joining a group
Inclusion
group members begin to think about the good of the group as a whole
Collectivism
individuals change their conception of who they are to include their group’s qualities as well as their own individual qualities
Transformation
the dispositional tendency to seek out and join with other humans
Need to belong
excluding a person or group of people from a group, usually by shunning, or explicitly banishing them
Ostracism
The exclusion of one or more individuals from a technologically mediated group interaction, such as a computer-based discussion group.
Cyberostracism
A physiological response to stressful events characterized by the activation of the sympathetic nervous system (increased heart rate, pupil dilation) that readies the individual to counter the threat (fight) or to escape the threat (flight).
Fight or Flight response
An interpersonal response to stressful events characterized by increased nurturing, protective, and supportive behaviors (tending) and by seeking out connections to other people (befriending).
Tend and befriend response
proposes that self-esteem is a psychological gauge of the degree to which people perceive that they are relationally valued and socially accepted by other people.
Sociometer theory
suggests that the need to belong resulted from natural selection as individuals who were affiliated with groups were more likely to survive.
Evolutionary psychology
the idea that humans are instinctively drawn together with other humans
Herd instinct
emphasizes the primacy of the individual and his or her rights, independence, and relationships with other individuals.
Individualism
emphasizes the primacy of the group or community rather than each individual person
Collectivism
An interpersonal association between individuals who are more concerned with what others get rather than what they themselves receive.
Communal relationship
An interpersonal association between individuals based on each person’s desire to increase the rewards they receive from others in the relationship.
Exchange relationship
A social standard that encourages distributing rewards and resources to members in proportion to their inputs.
Equity norm
A social standard that encourages distributing rewards and resources equally among all members.
Equality norm
Emphasizing one’s own needs, perspective, and importance, particularly in contrast to those of other individuals or the group
Self-serving tendencies
Emphasizing the group’s needs, perspectives, and importance, particularly in contrast to those of individual members or oneself
group serving
involves automatically classifying people into categories.
social categorization
involves bonding with and taking on the characteristics of one’s groups
identification
individuals can stress their association with successful groups.
basking in reflected glory (BIRGing)
they minimize their connection to stigmatized or unsuccessful group identities.
cutting off reflected failure (CORFing)
