Chapter 2: Study Groups Flashcards
methods of acquiring knowledge
- intuition
- authority
- rationalism
- empiricism
- scientific
critical requirements of a scientific approach
- theories that organizes knowledge in groups
- research procedures to test hypothesis
- reliable and valid instrument
general to specific
theory > hypothesis > observation > confirmation
deduction
specific to general
observation > pattern > hypothesis > theory
induction
observing and recording events; overt (alam na inoobserbahan); covert (unaware)
observational measures
a change in behavior that occurs when individuals know they are being studied by researchers
Hawthorne effect
a research procedures that classifies group members’ actions into defined categories
structured observational methods
a structured coding system developed by Robert Bales used to classify group behavior into task-oriented and relationship-oriented categories.
IPA or Interaction Process Analysis
A theoretical and structured coding system developed by Robert Bales which assumes that group activities can be classified among three dimensions:
- Dominance vs. Submissiveness
- Friendliness vs. Unfriendliness
- Acceptance of vs Opposition to Authority
SYMLOG or Systematic Multiple Level Observation of Groups
a research procedure used to collect and analyze non-numeric, unquantified types of data, such as text, images, or objects
Qualitative study
a research procedure used to collect and analyze data, in a numeric form, such as frequencies, proportions, or amounts
Quantitative study
a measurement that ask group members to describe their own perceptions and experiences
self-report measures
an assessment method, such as questionnaire, test, or interview, that ask respondents to describe their feelings, attitudes, or beliefs
self-report measures
classifies individuals along 4 theoretically independent dimensions
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
responding without regard to the content of test items
random responding
asks members to report whom they like the most
sociometry method
the degree to which a measurement technique consistently yields the same conclusion at different times
reliability
the degree to which a measurement method assesses what it was designed to measure
validity
a research technique that involves examining, in as much detail as possible, the dynamics of a single group or individual
case studies
a research design in which the investigator manipulates at least one variable by randomly assigning participants to two or more different conditions and measuring at least one other variable
experiment
experiment key features:
- manipulate independent variables
- measure dependent variables
- control other variables
provides the clearest test of cause-and-effect relationship
strength
too artificial
weakness
a research design in which the investigator measures (but does not manipulate) at least two variables and then uses statistical procedures to examine the strength and direction of the relationship between these variables; limited information about casuality
correlational study
