Chapter 4: Forces Shaping Behaviour

Question 1

What is neurosis?

Answer 1

relatively mild disorders similar to defense mechanisms

Question 2

What is psychosis?

Answer 2

serious mental illness preventing individuals from functioning adequately

Question 3

What are 4 types of neuroses?

Answer 3

Anxiety, Phobias, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Hysterical reactions

Question 4

What is anxiety?

Answer 4

a person with fearful expectations that dreadful things will happen ex. hypochondria

Question 5

What are symptoms and treatments of anxiety?

Answer 5

Symptoms: Pounding heart, faintness, numbness, chills
Treatment:
-Find and deal with the real cause of the anxiety
-Conditioning techniques that associate pleasant experiences with the feared object/situations

Question 6

What are phobias?

Answer 6

Extreme fears of certain objects or situations.

Question 7

What is OCD?

Answer 7

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Persistent, unwanted thoughts because of anxiety

Question 8

What are symptoms of OCD?

Answer 8

• obsessed with safety, fear of failure, sexual desire, obsessed with particular objects
• Obsessions are often followed by a compulsion to perform an act to relieve anxiety ex. relocking doors

Question 9

What are symptoms of hysterical reactions?

Answer 9

Psychological conflicts convert to physical symptoms: blindness, paralysis

Question 10

Define acrophobia.

Answer 10

fear of high places

Question 11

Define agoraphobia.

Answer 11

fear of open places

Question 12

Define algophobia.

Answer 12

fear of pain

Question 13

Define astraphobia.

Answer 13

fear of thunder or lightening

Question 14

Define claustrophobia.

Answer 14

fear of closed spaces

Question 15

Define hydrophobia.

Answer 15

fear of water

Question 16

Define lalophobia.

Answer 16

fear of public speaking

Question 17

Define phobophobia.

Answer 17

fear of fear

Question 18

Define xenophobia.

Answer 18

fear of strangers

Question 19

Define zoophobia.

Answer 19

fear of animals (usually a specific kind)

Question 20

What is psychosis?

Answer 20

serious mental illness preventing individuals from functioning adequately

Question 21

What are some psychoses?

Answer 21

Antisocial Personality Disorder, Schizophrenia, Depression

Question 22

What is ASP?

Answer 22

Antisocial Personality Disorder: a lifelong “pervasive pattern” of rule breaking & violating others’ rights. Begins before age 15.

Question 23

What are some characteristics of psychopaths?

Answer 23

feels no remorse or guilt after causing harm, or acting immorally. They fail to form relationships and are oblivious to their behaviour.

Question 24

What are symptoms of ASP?

Answer 24

• look like average people which allows them to approach victims without causing alarm
• promiscuous, inflict self-harm

Question 25

What symptoms do psychopaths exhibit?

Answer 25

• hallucinations, dramatic mood shifts
• confusion about time, place and identity
• lack understanding about behaviour

Question 26

What are the types of schizophrenia? Explain.

Answer 26

Simple: withdrawal of interest in people/situations
Hebephrenic: childish behaviour
Paranoid: delusions of grandeur
Catatonic: unresponsive

Question 27

What are symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 27

• emotionally flat
• little interest in others, their environment & reality
• perceptual disorders: hallucinations, delusions
• inconsistent, illogical, strange associations
• strange fantasies & mannerisms

Question 28

What is manic depression?

Answer 28

extreme mood changes

Question 29

What are symptoms of manic depression?

Answer 29

-extreme mood changes, confused/aggressive behaviour, unlimited energy/extreme fatigue, difficulty sleeping

Question 30

What are treatments for neurosis and psychosis? Explain.

Answer 30

Biomedical: attempts to change/influence the biological mechanism involved

Psychological Therapies: involves conversation between patient & therapist