Chapter 4 - Food And Digestion

Question 1

7 things our bodies need for a balanced diet

Answer 1

• carbohydrates
• lipids
• proteins
• minerals
• vitamins
• fibre
• water

Question 2

What are carbohydrates

Answer 2

• our main source of energy for the body

- needed by the body to carry out respiration

Question 3

4 examples and sources of glucose

Answer 3

Glucose - found in many sweet things like fruits and also veg
Fructose - found in fruit
Lactose - found in diary products like milk
Sucrose - found in sugar cane

Question 4

What is tooth decay

Answer 4

Caused by sugars
When bacteria feeds on the sugar and makes acids
These acids will start to break down enamel on the teeth until cavities start to form

Question 5

What is starch

Answer 5

• a very large and insoluble molecule
• very long molecule known as polymer
• made up of hundreds and hundreds of glucose molecules joined up together
• broken down to glucose by amalayse contained in your saliva
  Found in bread, pasta, potatoes and other plant tissues

Question 6

What is cellulose

Answer 6

Another type of carbohydrates found in plants
Our bodies cannot digest cellulose so it goes straight through
We describe it as a source of fibre

Question 7

3 main reasons we need food for

Answer 7

• energy
• growth and repair tissues
• to help fight diseases and keep our bodies healthy

Question 8

2 types of carbohydrates

Answer 8

glucose - C6H12O2 -> monosccharides

starch (plants) / glycogen (animals)-> insoluble, polysaccharides

Question 9

elements present in carbohydrates

Answer 9

carbon
hydrogen
oxygen

Question 10

sources of lipids

Answer 10

meat butter cheese milk eggs and oily fish -> animal fat

nuts, avocado , seeds, soy -> plant fat

Question 11

what are lipids

Answer 11

10 % of the bodys mass
essential part of the structure of cells
deposited around the body as a source of long term energy
fat layer under skin acts as insulation
fat around organs protects them from mechanical damage

Question 12

difference between fats and oils

Answer 12

fats are solid and saturated

oils are liquid and unsaturated

Question 13

elements present in lipids

Answer 13

hydrogen
carbon
oxygen (but less o2 than in glucose)

Question 14

why are saturated especially unhealthy

Answer 14

causes heart disease

especially from cholesterol

Question 15

what are proteins

Answer 15

make up about 18% of bodys mass
all cells contain proteins as we need it for growth and repair of cells
foods rich in proteins are meat fish cheese and eggs.

Question 16

what is kwashikor

Answer 16

a disease caused by protein deficiency.
symptoms include weight loss, swollen belly (from fluid collecting in the tissues), poor muscle growth, general weakness and flaky skin

Question 17

what are proteins made up of

Answer 17

amino acids
20 of them
all of them contain carbon hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen (2 also contain sulphur)
like letters going them up makes ‘words’

Question 18

what are essential amino acids

Answer 18

humans can make half of the amino acids but the other 10 called ‘essential’ amino acids and we have to eat foods that contain these.

Question 19

what do we need iron for

and sources of iron

Answer 19

needed to make haemoglobin which is found in red blood cells and enables them to carry oxygen
red meat dried apricots dark green veg , nuts and seeds

Question 20

name an iron deficiency and symptoms

Answer 20

ANAEMIA

• weakness or fatigue
• shortness of breath
• pale : skin, mucosal linings and nail beds

Question 21

what do we need calcium for

sources of calcium

Answer 21

needed to make bone grow properly and harden fully
to make and maintain teeth
fish with self edible bones such as salmon and sardines
dairy products

Question 22

name a calcium deficiency and symptoms

Answer 22

RICKETS
poor bone development
deformed bones that are soft

Question 23

sources of vitamin d

Answer 23

sunlight
fish liver oil
eggs

Question 24

what do we need vitamin d for and what is it deficiency disease

Answer 24

needed for maintaining bone structure

RICKETS

Question 25

what do we need vitamin C for and what is its deficiency disease

Answer 25

needed to make connective tissues , which is like the glue that bonds cells together
e.g. in walls of blood vessels , skin and lining of the body

Question 26

sources of vit c and deficiency disease

Answer 26

fruit and veg

SCURVY