Chapter 1 - Life Processes Flashcards
Areobic respiration word equation
glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water (+energy)
what are multicelluar organisms
complex organisms made up of many cells
4 elements of the cell structure in an animal cell
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
mitochondria
8 features of a plant cell
cell wall cell membrane choroplast mitochondria vacuole nucleus cytoplasm
whats a cytoplasm
contains organelles
sloppy texture
what does the nucleus do
controls all the activities that take place in the cell
largest part of the cell
what do chromosomes do
inside a nucleus
carry genes that decide which proteins to make
what does cell surface membrane do
like skin
forms boundary between cytoplasm and outside
selectively permable
what does mitochondria do
provides energy for cell by respiration reactions
what does the cell wall do
helps cell keep it’s shape
freely permeable
non living
made of celluse
what do chloroplasts do
site of photosynthesis
what does the vacuole do
contains all sap which helps keep the cells shape
6 facts on enzymes
speed up biological chemical reactions biological catalyst made of proteins can be intracellular (take place in reactions inside the cell) and extracellular (take place in reactions outside the cell) have specific shapes
how does an enzyme work
active site is complementary to the shape of it’s substrate
Fit together like lock and key
Splits into a number of separate product molecule
whats the optimum temperature
the temperature that an enzyme works best at
when will an enzyme denature
when the temperature is increased above its optimum temp
OR
when the pH is too high or too low
what happens to a denatured enzymeq
it cannot function properly due to a change in shape the substrate can no longer fit into it’s active site
explain experiment on change in temp and effect on enzymes
Puts iodine into a spotting tile - detects starch
The starch solution and amylase is mix and then heated at different temperatures to find out what temp the enzyme works best at. Turns blue black in presence of starch
4 things we need respiration for
muscle contraction - movement
active transportation of molecules and ions
building of large molecules such as proteins
cell division
symbolic equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –>6CO2 + 6H20 (+energy)
what’s anaerobic respiration
when some cells can respire without oxygen
Example anaerobic respiration in yeast cells with equations
fermentation and baking of bread, carbon dioxide makes bread rise
glucose–> ethanol + carbon dioxide (+energy)
C6H12O6 –>2C2H5OH + 2CO2 (+energy)
anaerobic respiration in muscle cells
if overworked blood cannot carry the oxygen quick enough
in burst of exercise
glucose is broken into lactic acid
glucose –> lactic acid (+energy)
C6H12O6 –> 2C3H6O3 (+energy)
if goes on for a longer period of time lactic acid builds up and causes cramps. you have to rest until the lactic acid is oxidised.
whats the oxygen debt
the amount of oxygen needed to completely oxidise the lactic acid that has built up in the body
Mrs C Gren
Movement Respiration Sensitivity Control Growth Reproduction Exctretion Nuitrition
