Chapter 2 - The Variety Of Living Organisms

Question 1

How are the major groups of organisms sorted

Answer 1

All have similar features
All have a common ancestor
Evolved over a very long period of time from the same organism

Question 2

Parts of an animal cell

Answer 2

Nucleus
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm

Question 3

Key features of an animal cell

Answer 3

• movement involved coordination from the nervous system
• move from place to place
• multi cellular organisms
• unable to carry out photosynthesis
• gain nutrients by feeding on other animals and plants
• no cell walls -> cells can change shape in order form them to move from place to place
• store carbohydrates in cells as a compound glycogen

Question 4

What does invertebrates mean

Answer 4

Without backbones

Question 5

Features of the structure of an plant cell

Answer 5

Cell wall 
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Chloroplasts
Nucleus
Vacuole
Mitochondria

Question 6

Key features of a plant cell

Answer 6

Multicellular
Contain chloroplasts -> carry out photosynthesis to make organic compounds from inorganic compounds
Contains cell use - what cell walls are make up of

Question 7

What features do all fungi have in common

Answer 7

Have cell walls -> don’t have cellulose

Never contain chloroplasts so cannot photosynthesise

Question 8

Four types of fungi and which was multicellular and unicellular

Answer 8

Mushrooms - m
Toadstools - m
Mounds - m
Yeast - u

Question 9

How do multicellular fungi reproduce

Answer 9

1. Fruiting body releases spores
2. Spores land on the ground or a new host
3. A hypha grows out of the spore
4. The hypha branches (to form more hyphae) and releases enzymes to digest organic material , which is then absorbed
5. New fruiting bodies grow

Question 10

What does it mean by multicellular fungi feed saprotrophically

Answer 10

Some organisms release enzymes outside their bodies
These extracellular enzymes (outside the cell enzymes ) digest organic material which can then be absorbed into the organism

Question 11

Key features of viruses

Answer 11

• can only reproduce inside living cells
• viruses are not made of cells
• no nucleus no cytoplasm as surrounded by a protein coat
• they don’t carry out any of the normal characteristics of living things except reproduction
• all viruses are parasites
• can invade all other types of living things even bacteria
• needs a host to reproduce
• extremely small

Question 12

Features of the structure of a virus particle

Answer 12

Envelope membrane from host cell
DNA / RNA (genetic information)
Protein coat

Question 13

How do viruses reproduce

Answer 13

Enters the host cells and takes over the hosts genetic machinery to make more virus particles.
When many viruses have been made the host cell bursts and dies and then the virus particles are released to infect more cells

Question 14

How do you recover from infection by a virus

Answer 14

The body’s immune system destroys the virus
You rest and drink fluids
Take paracetamol

Question 15

Example of a virus that affects plant

Answer 15

TOBACCO MASAIC VIRUS: interferes with the ability of the tobacco plant to make chloroplasts causing mottled patches to develop on the leaves

Question 16

6 major groups of living organisms

Answer 16

Plants
Animals
Fungi
Protoctists
Bacteria 
Viruses

Question 17

Why are pronto it’s called the dustbin kingdom

Answer 17

Mixed group of organisms taht don’t fix into plants animals or fungi

Question 18

What is the major feature that most pronto it’s share

Answer 18

Microscopic single called organisms

Major exception - sea weed

Question 19

Key features of bacteria

Answer 19

• cell wall make of polysaccharides and proteins
• unicellular
• slime layer
• no nucleus -> chromosome loop
• simple structure
• all surrounded by a cell wall
• important decomposers

Question 20

Features of the structure of a bacteria cell

Answer 20

• capsule -> slime layer
• cell surface membrane
• cell wall
• flagellum
• plasmids
• chromosomes

Question 21

Name and describe the three major shapes of bacteria cell

Answer 21

• spheres -> singles , pairs , chains , groups
• rods -> single , chains , with or without flagella
• spirals

Question 22

Describe the roles of some different types of bacteria

Answer 22

DECOMPOSERS; some bacteria feed off dead / decaying matter

PATHOGENS; other bacteria that can cause disease

Question 23

Why do some scientists think that viruses are not living orgainsms

Answer 23

• very simple forms of life
• do not feed respire or excrete waste
• extremely efficient at reproduction multiplying rapidly in the right conditions