Chapter 4 Flexibility Training for Performance Enhancement

Question 1

What is Flexibility?

Answer 1

The normal extensibility of all soft tissues that allows full range of motion of a joint and optimum neuromuscular efficiency throughout all functional movements

Question 2

What is Altered Reciprocal Inhibition?

Answer 2

The concept of muscle inhibition caused by a tight agonist, decreasing the neural drive of its functional antagonist

Question 3

What is Synergistic Dominance?

Answer 3

The neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when synergists take over the function of a week or inhibited prime mover

Question 4

What is Arthrokinetic Dysfunction?

Answer 4

The biomechanical dysfunction in two articular partners that lead to abnormal joint movement and proprioception

Question 5

What is the All or None Principle?

Answer 5

When a muscle fiber is stimulated to contract, the entire fiber contracts completely

Question 6

What is the Endomysium?

Answer 6

The innermost fascial layer that encases individual muscle fibers

Question 7

What is the Perimysium?

Answer 7

The sheath that binds groups of muscle fibers into fasciuli

Question 8

What is the Epimysium?

Answer 8

The outermost layer of a muscle fiber

Question 9

What is Atrophy?

Answer 9

The loss in muscle fiber size

Question 10

What is Sarcopenia?

Answer 10

A decrease in muscle fiber numbers

Question 11

What is Elasticity?

Answer 11

The spring like behavior of connective tissue that enable the tissue to return to its original shape or size when forces are removed

Question 12

What is Viscoelasticity?

Answer 12

The fluid like property of connective tissue that allows slow deformation with an imperfect recovery after the deforming forces are removed

Question 13

What is Plasticity?

Answer 13

The residual or permanent change in connective tissue length due to tissue elongation

Question 14

What is Davis’s Law?

Answer 14

Soft tissue models along the lines of stress

Question 15

What is Wolff’s Law?

Answer 15

Bone in a healthy person or animal will adopt to the loads it is placed under

Question 16

What is Recruitment?

Answer 16

An impulse transmitted simultaneously over an increasing number of nerve fibers, pulling in increasingly more muscle fibers for the task

Question 17

What is Rate Coding?

Answer 17

The rate at which any individual nerve fiber transmits impulses per unit of time

Question 18

What are Muscle Spindles?

Answer 18

The major sensory organs of the muscle that are sensitive to change in length and rate of length change

Question 19

What are Golgi Tendon Organs?

Answer 19

Mechanoreceptors located within the musculotendinous junction that are sensitive to tension and rate of tension change

Question 20

What are Joint Mechanoreceptors?

Answer 20

Mechanoreceptors located in joints throughout the fibrous capsule and ligaments that respond to joint position, movement, and pressure changes

Question 21

What is Myotatic Stretch Reflex?

Answer 21

When a muscle is stretched very quickly, the muscle spindle contracts, which in turn stimulates the primary afferent fibers that causes the extrafusal fibers to fire, and tension increases the muscle

Question 22

What is Corrective Flexibility?

Answer 22

Stretching techniques designed to correct common postural dysfunctions, muscle imbalances, and joint dysfunctions

Question 23

What is Active Flexibility?

Answer 23

Stretching techniques designed to improve soft tissue extensibility in all planes of motion by employing the neurophysiological principle of reciprocal inhibition

Question 24

What is Functional Flexibility?

Answer 24

Stretching techniques designed to improve multiplanar soft tissue extensibility and provide optimum neuromuscular control throughout the full range of motion, while performing functional movements that utilize the body’s muscles to control the speed, direction, and intensity of the stretch